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In this paper we study the classical Schmidt game on two families of sets: one related to frequencies of digits in base-$2$ expansions, and one connected to the set of the badly approximable numbers. Namely, we describe some nontrivial…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Vasiliy Neckrasov , Eric Zhan

While many types of non-measurable sets are never $(\alpha, \beta)$-winning in the sense of Schmidt's game, we show that this is not the case for certain Vitali sets. Our main theorems show that for certain values of $\alpha, \beta$ one can…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-01-05 James Atchley , Lior Fishman , Stephen Jackson , Daozheng Liu , Emily Yao

We study rational numbers with purely periodic R\'enyi $\beta$-expansions. For bases $\beta$ satisfying $\beta^2=a\beta+b$ with $b$ dividing $a$, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for $\gamma(\beta)=1$, i.e., that all rational…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-03-15 Tomáš Hejda , Wolfgang Steiner

Winning sets of Schmidt's game enjoy a remarkable rigidity. Therefore, this game (and modifications of it) have been applied to many examples of complete metric spaces (X, d) to show that the set of "badly approximable points", with respect…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-09-19 Steffen Weil

In a recent paper of Feng and Sidorov they show that for $\beta\in(1,\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2})$ the set of $\beta$-expansions grows exponentially for every $x\in(0,\frac{1}{\beta-1})$. In this paper we study this growth rate further. We also…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-05-27 Simon Baker

We construct (\alpha ,\beta) and \alpha -winning sets in the sense of Schmidt's game, played on the support of certain measures (very friendly and awfully friendly measures) and show how to derive the Hausdorff dimension for some. In…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-11 Lior Fishman

We show that the sets of weighted badly approximable vectors in $\Bbb R^n$ are winning sets of certain games, which are modifications of $(\alpha,\beta)$-games introduced by W. Schmidt in 1966. The latter winning property is stable with…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-06-10 Dmitry Kleinbock , Barak Weiss

A beta expansion is the analogue of the base 10 representation of a real number, where the base may be a non-integer. Although the greedy beta expansion of 1 using a non-integer base is in general infinitely long and non-repeating, it is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-24 Maysum Panju

The geometry of rotations in dimensions 3, 4, and 5 is discussed using the matrix exponential map. Explicit closed formulas for the exponential of an antisymmetric matrix, as well as the logarithm of a rotation, are given for these…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2011-03-29 Jason Hanson

We consider the distribution of the orbits of the number 1 under the $\beta$-transformations $T_\beta$ as $\beta$ varies. Mainly, the size of the set of $\beta>1$ for which a given point can be well approximated by the orbit of 1 is…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-03-20 Bing Li , Tomas Persson , Baowei Wang , Jun Wu

We study a generalization of the Mermin-Peres magic square game to arbitrary rectangular dimensions. After exhibiting some general properties, these rectangular games are fully characterized in terms of their optimal win probabilities for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-11 Sean A. Adamson , Petros Wallden

Schmidt's game is a powerful tool for studying properties of certain sets which arise in Diophantine approximation theory, number theory, and dynamics. Recently, many new results have been proven using this game. In this paper we address…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Lior Fishman , Tue Ly , David S. Simmons

We compute explicitly the higher order terms of the formal Taylor expansion of Mather's $\beta$-function for symplectic and outer billiards in a strictly-convex planar domain $C$. In particular, we specify the third terms of the asymptotic…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-11-03 Luca Baracco , Olga Bernardi , Alessandra Nardi

Given $\beta\in(1,2)$, a $\beta$-expansion of a real $x$ is a power series in base $\beta$ with coefficients 0 and 1 whose sum equals $x$. The aim of this note is to study certain problems related to the universality and combinatorics of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Nikita Sidorov

For a real number $0<\lambda<2$, we introduce a transformation $T_\lambda$ naturally associated to expansion in $\lambda$-continued fraction, for which we also give a geometrical interpretation. The symbolic coding of the orbits of…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-04-04 Elise Janvresse , Benoît Rittaud , Thierry De La Rue

For any real number $\beta>1$. The $n$th cylinder of $\beta$ in the parameter space $\{\beta\in \mathbb{R}: \beta>1\}$ is a set of real numbers in $(1,\infty)$ having the same first $n$ digits in their $\beta$-expansion of $1$, denote by…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-12-01 Lixuan Zheng , Min Wu , Bing Li

The beta transformation is the iterated map $\beta x\,\mod1$; it generates the base-$\beta$ expansion of a real number x. Every iterated piece-wise monotonic map is topologically conjugate to the beta transformation. For all but a countable…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-02-02 Linas Vepstas

Commutative complex numbers of the form u=x+\alpha y+\beta z+\gamma t in 4 dimensions are studied, the variables x, y, z and t being real numbers. Four distinct types of multiplication rules for the complex bases \alpha, \beta and \gamma…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Silviu Olariu

By applying a 2014 result on the distribution of full cylinders, we give a proof of the useful folklore: for any $\beta>1$, the Hausdorff dimension of an arbitrary set in the shift space $S_\beta$ is equal to the Hausdorff dimension of its…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-03-25 Yao-Qiang Li

Let $\beta>1$. For $x \in [0,\infty)$, we have so-called the $\beta$-expansion of $x$ in base $\beta$ as follows: $$x= \sum_{j \leq k} x_{j}\beta^{j} = x_{k}\beta^{k}+ \cdots + x_{1}\beta+x_{0}+x_{-1}\beta^{-1} + x_{-2}\beta^{-2} + \cdots$$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Fumichika Takamizo
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