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Auto-regressive speech-text models pre-trained on interleaved text tokens and discretized speech tokens demonstrate strong speech understanding and generation, yet remain substantially less compute-efficient than text LLMs, partly due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yen-Ju Lu , Yashesh Gaur , Wei Zhou , Benjamin Muller , Jesus Villalba , Najim Dehak , Luke Zettlemoyer , Gargi Ghosh , Mike Lewis , Srinivasan Iyer , Duc Le

Large language models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant interest. With in-context learning, LLMs achieve impressive results in various natural language tasks. However, the application of LLMs to sentence embeddings remains an area…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Zhongzhi Luan , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang

Recently, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has motivated integrating language descriptions into graphs, forming text-attributed graphs (TAGs) that enhance model encoding capabilities from a data-centric perspective. A review of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhihan Zhang , Xunkai Li , Lei Zhu , Guang Zeng , Bowen Fan , Yanzhe Wen , Hongchao Qin , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

Recent advancements in text-to-speech (TTS) have shown that language model (LM) based systems offer competitive performance compared to traditional approaches. However, in training, TTS models use ground-truth (GT) tokens as prefixes to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ruonan Zhang , Lingzhou Mu , Xixin Wu , Kai Zhang

Process Reward Models (PRMs) provide step-level supervision that improves the reliability of reasoning in large language models. While PRMs have been extensively studied in text-based domains, their extension to Vision Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Brandon Ong , Tej Deep Pala , Vernon Toh , William Chandra Tjhi , Soujanya Poria

Automated speaking assessment (ASA) on opinion expressions is often hampered by the scarcity of labeled recordings, which restricts prompt diversity and undermines scoring reliability. To address this challenge, we propose a novel training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Chung-Chun Wang , Jhen-Ke Lin , Hao-Chien Lu , Hong-Yun Lin , Berlin Chen

Large language models are increasingly adopted as semantic backbones for neural text-to-speech systems. However, frozen LLM representations are insufficient for modeling speaker specific acoustic and perceptual characteristics. Our…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Anupam Purwar , Aditya Choudhary

Scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) have provided useful guidance in training ever larger models for predictable performance gains. Time series forecasting shares a similar sequential structure to language, and is amenable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Thomas D. P. Edwards , James Alvey , Justin Alsing , Nam H. Nguyen , Benjamin D. Wandelt

Human reasoning is shaped by resource rationality -- optimizing performance under constraints. Recently, inference-time scaling has emerged as a powerful paradigm to improve the reasoning performance of Large Language Models by expanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zhimin Hu , Riya Roshan , Sashank Varma

Recently, scaling test-time compute on Large Language Models (LLM) has garnered wide attention. However, there has been limited investigation of how various reasoning prompting strategies perform as scaling. In this paper, we focus on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yexiang Liu , Zekun Li , Zhi Fang , Nan Xu , Ran He , Tieniu Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities, yet interaction with these models is mostly facilitated through text. Using Text-To-Speech to synthesize LLM outputs typically results in notable latency, which is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Avihu Dekel , Slava Shechtman , Raul Fernandez , David Haws , Zvi Kons , Ron Hoory

Models like GPT-4o enable real-time interaction with large language models (LLMs) through speech, significantly enhancing user experience compared to traditional text-based interaction. However, there is still a lack of exploration on how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Qingkai Fang , Shoutao Guo , Yan Zhou , Zhengrui Ma , Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

Realignment becomes necessary when a language model (LM) fails to meet expected performance. We propose a flexible realignment framework that supports quantitative control of alignment degree during training and inference. This framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Wenhong Zhu , Ruobing Xie , Weinan Zhang , Rui Wang

Aligning large language models (LLMs) to diverse human preferences is fundamentally challenging since criteria can often conflict with each other. Inference-time alignment methods have recently gained popularity as they allow LLMs to be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Shokichi Takakura , Akifumi Wachi , Rei Higuchi , Kohei Miyaguchi , Taiji Suzuki

Test-time scaling has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, its effectiveness in medical reasoning remains uncertain, as the medical domain fundamentally differs from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Xiaoke Huang , Juncheng Wu , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Yuyin Zhou

This paper introduces StyleSpeech, a novel Text-to-Speech~(TTS) system that enhances the naturalness and accuracy of synthesized speech. Building upon existing TTS technologies, StyleSpeech incorporates a unique Style Decorator structure…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Haowei Lou , Helen Paik , Wen Hu , Lina Yao

Scaling laws have transformed our understanding of large language models by linking upstream metrics like cross-entropy loss to design factors such as model size, training data, and compute. However, these conventional laws fail to capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Kyle Montgomery , David Park , Jianhong Tu , Michael Bendersky , Beliz Gunel , Dawn Song , Chenguang Wang

While large language models (LLMs) have been applied to automatic speech recognition (ASR), the task of making the model streamable remains a challenge. This paper proposes a novel model architecture, Transducer-Llama, that integrates LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Keqi Deng , Jinxi Guo , Yingyi Ma , Niko Moritz , Philip C. Woodland , Ozlem Kalinli , Mike Seltzer

Standard classification models often map inputs directly to labels without explicit reasoning, potentially limiting their performance, robustness, and interpretability. This paper introduces a novel two-stage approach to enhance text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Mads Henrichsen , Rasmus Krebs

Drawing on constructs from psychology, prior work has identified a distinction between explicit and implicit bias in large language models (LLMs). While many LLMs undergo post-training alignment and safety procedures to avoid expressions of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Molly Apsel , Michael N. Jones
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