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Refactoring is the process of changing a software system in such a way that it does not alter the external behavior of the code yet improves its internal structure. Not only researchers, but also practitioners, need to know about past…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Eunjong Choi , Kenji Fujiwara , Norihiro Yoshida , Shinpei Hayashi

Software refactoring plays an important role in software engineering. Developers often turn to refactoring when they want to restructure software to improve its quality without changing its external behavior. Studies show that small-scale…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-16 James Ivers , Robert L. Nord , Ipek Ozkaya , Chris Seifried , Christopher S. Timperley , Marouane Kessentini

We present a novel approach to detect refactoring opportunities by measuring the participation of references between types in instances of patterns representing design flaws. This technique is validated using an experiment where we analyse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2011-03-17 Jens Dietrich , Catherine McCartin , Ewan Tempero , Syed M. Ali Shah

Software refactoring aims at improving code quality while preserving the system's external behavior. Although in principle refactoring is a behavior-preserving activity, a study presented by Bavota et al. in 2012 reported the proneness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Massimiliano Di Penta , Gabriele Bavota , Fiorella Zampetti

In today's world, the focus of programmers has shifted from writing complex, error-prone code to prioritizing simple, clear, efficient, and sustainable code that makes programs easier to understand. Code refactoring plays a critical role in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Md. Raihan Tapader , Md. Mostafizer Rahman , Ariful Islam Shiplu , Md Faizul Ibne Amin , Yutaka Watanobe

Complex software can be hard to read, adapt, and maintain. Refactoring it can create cleaner and self-explanatory code. Refactoring tools try to guide developers towards better code, with more quality. However, most of them take too long to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Sara Fernandes , Ademar Aguiar , André Restivo

Software code quality is a construct with three dimensions: maintainability, reliability, and functionality. Although many firms have incorporated code quality metrics in their operations, evaluating these metrics still lacks consistent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Siyuan Jin , Mianmian Zhang , Yekai Guo , Yuejiang He , Ziyuan Li , Bichao Chen , Bing Zhu , Yong Xia

An essential part of software maintenance and evolution, refactoring is performed by developers, regardless of technology or domain, to improve the internal quality of the system, and reduce its technical debt. However, choosing the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Anthony Peruma , Steven Simmons , Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Christian D. Newman , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Ali Ouni

Automated batch refactoring has become a de-facto mechanism to restructure software that may have significant design flaws negatively impacting the code quality and maintainability. Although automated batch refactoring techniques are known…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Asif Imran , Tevfik Kosar , Jaroslaw Zola , Muhammed Fatih Bulut

Due to the growing complexity of software systems, there has been a dramatic increase and industry demand for tools and techniques on software refactoring in the last ten years, defined traditionally as a set of program transformations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Chaima Abid , Vahid Alizadeh , Marouane Kessentini , Thiago do Nascimento Ferreira , Danny Dig

Background. Pull requests are a common practice for contributing and reviewing contributions, and are employed both in open-source and industrial contexts. One of the main goals of code reviews is to find defects in the code, allowing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Valentina Lenarduzzi , Vili Nikkola , Nyyti Saarimäki , Davide Taibi

Duplicated code has a negative impact on the quality of software systems and should be detected at least. In this paper, we discuss an approach that improves source code retrieval using the structural information about the programs. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-08-19 Yoshihisa Udagawa

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for automated code refactoring tasks. Although these models can quickly refactor code, the quality may exhibit inconsistencies and unpredictable behavior. In this article, we systematically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Norman Peitek , Julia Hess , Sven Apel

Catalogs of refactoring have key importance in software maintenance and evolution, since developers rely on such documents to understand and perform refactoring operations. Furthermore, these catalogs constitute a reference guide for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Aline Brito , Andre Hora , Marco Tulio Valente

Agentic coding tools, such as OpenAI Codex, Claude Code, and Cursor, are transforming the software engineering landscape. These AI-powered systems function as autonomous teammates capable of planning and executing complex development tasks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Kosei Horikawa , Hao Li , Yutaro Kashiwa , Bram Adams , Hajimu Iida , Ahmed E. Hassan

Context: Refactoring is the art of modifying the design of a system without altering its behavior. The idea is to reorganize variables, classes and methods to facilitate their future adaptations and comprehension. As the concept of behavior…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Christian Newman , Ali Ouni

Programming problems can be solved in a multitude of functionally correct ways, but the quality of these solutions (e.g. readability, maintainability) can vary immensely. When code quality is poor, symptoms emerge in the form of 'code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Ivan Tan , Christopher M. Poskitt

Context: In the realm of software development, maintaining high software quality is a persistent challenge. However, this challenge is often impeded by the lack of comprehensive understanding of how specific code modifications influence…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Thomas Karanikiotis , Andreas L. Symeonidis

Refactoring is one of the most important activities in software engineering which is used to improve the quality of a software system. With the advancement of deep learning techniques, researchers are attempting to apply deep learning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Bridget Nyirongo , Yanjie Jiang , He Jiang , Hui Liu

Well structured and readable source code is a pre-requisite for maintainable software and successful collaboration among developers. Static analysis enables the automated extraction of code complexity and readability metrics which can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Gustaf Holst , Felix Dobslaw