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Anomaly detection is a critical task in cybersecurity, where identifying insider threats, access violations, and coordinated attacks is essential for ensuring system resilience. Graph-based approaches have become increasingly important for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Laura Jiang , Reza Ryan , Qian Li , Nasim Ferdosian

Ransomware is a malicious class of software that utilises encryption to implement an attack on system availability. The target's data remains encrypted and is held captive by the attacker until a ransom demand is met. A common approach used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Simon R Davies , Richard Macfarlane , William J. Buchanan

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often exhibit overconfidence when encountering out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, posing significant challenges for deployment. Since DNNs are trained on in-distribution (ID) datasets, the information flow of ID…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Guide Yang , Chao Hou , Weilong Peng , Xiang Fang , Yongwei Nie , Peican Zhu , Keke Tang

Since the label collecting is prohibitive and time-consuming, unsupervised methods are preferred in applications such as fraud detection. Meanwhile, such applications usually require modeling the intrinsic clusters in high-dimensional data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Han Zhang , Wenhao Zheng , Charley Chen , Kevin Gao , Yao Hu , Ling Huang , Wei Xu

Anomaly detection in event logs is a promising approach for intrusion detection in enterprise networks. By building a statistical model of usual activity, it aims to detect multiple kinds of malicious behavior, including stealthy tactics,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Corentin Larroche , Johan Mazel , Stephan Clémençon

A survey of machine learning techniques trained to detect ransomware is presented. This work builds upon the efforts of Taylor et al. in using sensor-based methods that utilize data collected from built-in instruments like CPU power and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Erik Larsen , David Noever , Korey MacVittie

The threat from ransomware continues to grow both in the number of affected victims as well as the cost incurred by the people and organisations impacted in a successful attack. In the majority of cases, once a victim has been attacked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Simon R Davies , Richard Macfarlane , William J Buchanan

Anomaly detection (AD) is increasingly recognized as a key component for ensuring the resilience of future communication systems. While deep learning has shown state-of-the-art AD performance, its application in critical systems is hindered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Lukas Schynol , Marius Pesavento

Anomaly detection plays an important role in modern data-driven security applications, such as detecting suspicious access to a socket from a process. In many cases, such events can be described as a collection of categorical values that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-29 Ting Chen , Lu-An Tang , Yizhou Sun , Zhengzhang Chen , Kai Zhang

Crypto-ransomware is characterized by its irreversible effect even after the detection and removal. As such, the early detection is crucial to protect user data and files of being held to ransom. Several solutions have proposed utilizing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Bander Ali Saleh Al-rimy , Mohd Aizaini Maarof , Syed Zainudeen Mohd Shaid

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats, ransomware represents a significant challenge. Attackers increasingly employ sophisticated encryption methods, such as entropy reduction through Base64 encoding, and partial or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Arash Mahboubi , Hamed Aboutorab , Seyit Camtepe , Hang Thanh Bui , Khanh Luong , Keyvan Ansari , Shenlu Wang , Bazara Barry

Advances in deep neural networks (DNN) greatly bolster real-time detection of anomalous IoT data. However, IoT devices can hardly afford complex DNN models, and offloading anomaly detection tasks to the cloud incurs long delay. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Mao V. Ngo , Tie Luo , Hakima Chaouchi , Tony Q. S. Quek

Ransomware variants increasingly combine privilege escalation with sophisticated evasion strategies such as intermittent encryption, low-entropy encryption, and imitation attacks. Such powerful ransomware variants, privilege-escalated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Beom Heyn Kim , Seok Min Hong , Mohammad Mannan

In recent years, hyperspectral anomaly detection (HAD) has become an active topic and plays a significant role in military and civilian fields. As a classic HAD method, the collaboration representation-based detector (CRD) has attracted…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-23 Rong Wang , Yihang Lu , Qianrong Zhang , Feiping Nie , Zhen Wang , Xuelong Li

Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks are one of the most common and consequential cyber attacks in computer networks. While existing research offers a plethora of detection methods, the issue of achieving both scalability and high detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Omer Subasi , Joseph Manzano , Kevin Barker

Reliable identification of encrypted file fragments is a requirement for several security applications, including ransomware detection, digital forensics, and traffic analysis. A popular approach consists of estimating high entropy as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Fabio De Gaspari , Dorjan Hitaj , Giulio Pagnotta , Lorenzo De Carli , Luigi V. Mancini

Anomaly detection incurs certain sampling and sensing costs and therefore it is of great importance to strike a balance between the detection accuracy and these costs. In this work, we study anomaly detection by considering the detection of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Chen Zhong , M. Cenk Gursoy , Senem Velipasalar

Ransomware defense solutions that can quickly detect and classify different ransomware classes to formulate rapid response plans have been in high demand in recent years. Though the applicability of adopting deep learning techniques to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Jinting Zhu , Julian Jang-Jaccard , Amardeep Singh , Ian Welch , Harith AI-Sahaf , Seyit Camtepe

Known for their impressive performance in generative modeling, diffusion models are attractive candidates for density-based anomaly detection. This paper investigates different variations of diffusion modeling for unsupervised and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Victor Livernoche , Vineet Jain , Yashar Hezaveh , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

Detecting attacks using encrypted signals is challenging since encryption hides its information content. We present a novel mechanism for anomaly detection over Learning with Errors (LWE) encrypted signals without using decryption, secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Rijad Alisic , Junsoo Kim , Henrik Sandberg