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This paper presents a novel two-step approach for the fundamental problem of learning an optimal map from one distribution to another. First, we learn an optimal transport (OT) plan, which can be thought as a one-to-many map between the two…

Neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs) are a popular family of continuous-depth deep learning models. In this work, we consider a large family of parameterized ODEs with continuous-in-time parameters, which include…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-13 Pierre Marion

We introduce a provably stable variant of neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs) whose trajectories evolve on an energy functional parametrised by a neural network. Stable neural flows provide an implicit guarantee on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Stefano Massaroli , Michael Poli , Michelangelo Bin , Jinkyoo Park , Atsushi Yamashita , Hajime Asama

Differential equations in general and neural ODEs in particular are an essential technique in continuous-time system identification. While many deterministic learning algorithms have been designed based on numerical integration via the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Lenart Treven , Philippe Wenk , Florian Dörfler , Andreas Krause

Computing optimal transport (OT) for general high-dimensional data has been a long-standing challenge. Despite much progress, most of the efforts including neural network methods have been focused on the static formulation of the OT…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-12 Chen Xu , Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

Model reduction for fluid flow simulation continues to be of great interest across a number of scientific and engineering fields. Here, we explore the use of Neural Ordinary Differential Equations, a recently introduced family of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Sourav Dutta , Peter Rivera-Casillas , Matthew W. Farthing

Obtaining solutions to Optimal Transportation (OT) problems is typically intractable when the marginal spaces are continuous. Recent research has focused on approximating continuous solutions with discretization methods based on i.i.d.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-17 Junqi Wang , Pei Wang , Patrick Shafto

Optimal Transport (OT) has recently emerged as a powerful framework for learning minimal-displacement maps between distributions. The predominant approach involves a neural parametrization of the Monge formulation of OT, typically assuming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Athina Sotiropoulou , David Alvarez-Melis

To better understand and improve the behavior of neural networks, a recent line of works bridged the connection between ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and deep neural networks (DNNs). The connections are made in two folds: (1) View…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Xinshi Chen

Differential equations are frequently used in engineering domains, such as modeling and control of industrial systems, where safety and performance guarantees are of paramount importance. Traditional physics-based modeling approaches…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-30 Aaron Tuor , Jan Drgona , Draguna Vrabie

Neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs) can effectively learn dynamical systems from time series data, but their behavior on graph-structured data remains poorly understood, especially when applied to graphs with different size…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-10 Moritz Laber , Tina Eliassi-Rad , Brennan Klein

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often produce overconfident predictions on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, undermining their reliability in open-world environments. Singularities in semi-discrete optimal transport (OT) mark regions of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Keke Tang , Ziyong Du , Xiaofei Wang , Weilong Peng , Peican Zhu , Zhihong Tian

We study the convergence of gradient flow for the training of deep neural networks. If Residual Neural Networks are a popular example of very deep architectures, their training constitutes a challenging optimization problem due notably to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Raphaël Barboni , Gabriel Peyré , François-Xavier Vialard

In multi-task reinforcement learning, it is possible to improve the data efficiency of training agents by transferring knowledge from other different but related tasks. Because the experiences from different tasks are usually biased toward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Bang Giang Le , Viet Cuong Ta

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (N-ODEs) are a powerful building block for learning systems, which extend residual networks to a continuous-time dynamical system. We propose a Bayesian version of N-ODEs that enables well-calibrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Andreas Look , Melih Kandemir

This paper investigates the semi-discrete optimal transport (OT) problem with entropic regularization. We characterize the solution using a governing, well-posed ordinary differential equation (ODE). This naturally yields an algorithm to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-07 Luca Nenna , Daniyar Omarov , Brendan Pass

We analyze Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) from a control theoretical perspective to address some of the main properties and paradigms of Deep Learning (DL), in particular, data classification and universal approximation.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-13 Domènec Ruiz-Balet , Enrique Zuazua

This short, self-contained article seeks to introduce and survey continuous-time deep learning approaches that are based on neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs). It primarily targets readers familiar with ordinary and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Lars Ruthotto

Optimal Transport is a foundational mathematical theory that connects optimization, partial differential equations, and probability. It offers a powerful framework for comparing probability distributions and has recently become an important…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-13 Gabriel Peyré

A normalizing flow is an invertible mapping between an arbitrary probability distribution and a standard normal distribution; it can be used for density estimation and statistical inference. Computing the flow follows the change of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Derek Onken , Samy Wu Fung , Xingjian Li , Lars Ruthotto