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Deep reinforcement learning has been successfully used in many dynamic decision making domains, especially those with very large state spaces. However, it is also well-known that deep reinforcement learning can be very slow and resource…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Haodi Zhang , Zihang Gao , Yi Zhou , Hao Zhang , Kaishun Wu , Fangzhen Lin

In deep Reinforcement Learning (RL), the learning rate critically influences both stability and performance, yet its optimal value shifts during training as the environment and policy evolve. Standard decay schedulers assume monotonic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Henrique Donâncio , Antoine Barrier , Leah F. South , Florence Forbes

Acquiring complex behaviors is essential for artificially intelligent agents, yet learning these behaviors in high-dimensional settings poses a significant challenge due to the vast search space. Traditional reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Mert Albaba , Sammy Christen , Thomas Langarek , Christoph Gebhardt , Otmar Hilliges , Michael J. Black

In-Context Learning (ICL) allows Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks with just a few examples, but their predictions often suffer from systematic biases, leading to unstable performance in classification. While calibration…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-05 Korel Gundem , Juncheng Dong , Dennis Zhang , Vahid Tarokh , Zhengling Qi

Reinforcement learning has been shown to improve the performance of large language models. However, traditional approaches like RLHF or RLAIF treat the problem as single-step. As focus shifts toward more complex reasoning and agentic tasks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Anna Goldie , Azalia Mirhoseini , Hao Zhou , Irene Cai , Christopher D. Manning

Self-supervised learning (SSL) aims to eliminate one of the major bottlenecks in representation learning - the need for human annotations. As a result, SSL holds the promise to learn representations from data in-the-wild, i.e., without the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Senthil Purushwalkam , Pedro Morgado , Abhinav Gupta

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is notoriously impractical to deploy due to sample inefficiency. Meta-RL directly addresses this sample inefficiency by learning to perform few-shot learning when a distribution of related tasks is available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jacob Beck , Risto Vuorio , Zheng Xiong , Shimon Whiteson

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) is recognized with the potential to be significantly more sample-efficient than model-free RL. How an accurate model can be developed automatically and efficiently from raw sensory inputs (such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Jun Lv , Yunhai Feng , Cheng Zhang , Shuang Zhao , Lin Shao , Cewu Lu

Recent studies demonstrate the effectiveness of Self Supervised Learning (SSL) speech representations for Speech Inversion (SI). However, applying SI in real-world scenarios remains challenging due to the pervasive presence of background…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Saba Tabatabaee , Carol Espy-Wilson

While robot learning has demonstrated promising results for enabling robots to automatically acquire new skills, a critical challenge in deploying learning-based systems is scale: acquiring enough data for the robot to effectively…

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) has seen widespread interest as an approach to tractable learning of complex modular behaviors. However, existing work either assume access to expert-constructed hierarchies, or use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Kurtland Chua , Qi Lei , Jason D. Lee

Although reinforcement learning methods can achieve impressive results in simulation, the real world presents two major challenges: generating samples is exceedingly expensive, and unexpected perturbations or unseen situations cause…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Anusha Nagabandi , Ignasi Clavera , Simin Liu , Ronald S. Fearing , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Self-training is a useful strategy for semi-supervised learning, leveraging raw texts for enhancing model performances. Traditional self-training methods depend on heuristics such as model confidence for instance selection, the manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Chenhua Chen , Yue Zhang

In recent years, self-supervised learning has been studied to deal with the limitation of available labeled-dataset. Among the major components of self-supervised learning, the data augmentation pipeline is one key factor in enhancing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Van-Nhiem Tran , Chi-En Huang , Shen-Hsuan Liu , Kai-Lin Yang , Timothy Ko , Yung-Hui Li

Human interventions are a common source of data in autonomous systems during testing. These interventions provide an important signal about where the current policy needs improvement, but are often noisy and incomplete. We define Robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ethan Pronovost , Khimya Khetarpal , Siddhartha Srinivasa

Despite the considerable potential of reinforcement learning (RL), robotic control tasks predominantly rely on imitation learning (IL) due to its better sample efficiency. However, it is costly to collect comprehensive expert demonstrations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Hengyuan Hu , Suvir Mirchandani , Dorsa Sadigh

In Meta-Reinforcement Learning (meta-RL) an agent is trained on a set of tasks to prepare for and learn faster in new, unseen, but related tasks. The training tasks are usually hand-crafted to be representative of the expected distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Ricardo Luna Gutierrez , Matteo Leonetti

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is able to build latent representations that generalize well to unseen data. However, only a few SSL techniques exist for the online CL setting, where data arrives in small minibatches, the model must comply…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Giacomo Cignoni , Andrea Cossu , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Joost van de Weijer , Antonio Carta

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown significant promise for sequential portfolio optimization tasks, such as stock trading, where the objective is to maximize cumulative returns while minimizing risks using historical data. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haochen Yuan , Minting Pan , Yunbo Wang , Siyu Gao , Philip S. Yu , Xiaokang Yang

Traditionally, reinforcement learning methods predict the next action based on the current state. However, in many situations, directly applying actions to control systems or robots is dangerous and may lead to unexpected behaviors because…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Nan Lin , Yuxuan Li , Yujun Zhu , Ruolin Wang , Xiayu Zhang , Jianmin Ji , Keke Tang , Xiaoping Chen , Xinming Zhang