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Little Red Dots (LRDs) are a newly identified class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) uncovered by JWST deep surveys. Their enigmatic properties challenge the canonical AGN paradigm and have stimulated ideas on early massive black hole (BH)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-04 Kohei Inayoshi , Luis C. Ho

Context. One of the most important discoveries by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the unexpected existence in the Early Universe (z > 4) of very large quantities of "Little Red Dots" (LRDs), compact luminous red galaxies of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-18 L. F. Rodriguez , I. F. Mirabel

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered a new population of compact objects that show a unique V-shaped spectral energy distribution (SED) in the UV and optical wavelength range. These so-called "little red dots" (LRDs) often…

Radio observations can provide crucial insight into the nature of a new abundant and mysterious population of dust-reddened active galactic nuclei (AGN) candidates discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), including Little Red…

The discovery of Little Red Dots (LRDs) -- a population of compact, high-redshift, dust-reddened galaxies -- is one of the most surprising results from JWST. However, the nature of LRDs is still debated: does the near-infrared emission…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-06-14 Tonima Tasnim Ananna , Ákos Bogdán , Orsolya E. Kovács , Priyamvada Natarajan , Ryan C. Hickox

The James Webb Space Telescope has detected massive black holes (BHs) with masses of $\sim 10^{6-8}~M_\odot$ within the first billion years of the universe. One of the remarkable findings is the identification of "Little Red Dots" (LRDs), a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-17 Kohei Inayoshi

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations have revolutionized extragalactic research, particularly with the discovery of little red dots (LRD), which we propose are dust-reddened broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Their…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-06 Zhengrong Li , Kohei Inayoshi , Kejian Chen , Kohei Ichikawa , Luis C. Ho

The enigmatic Little Red Dots (LRDs) discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) exhibit properties challenging their interpretation as common galaxies or Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Understanding their nature is key to placing…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-01 Diego Herrero-Carrión , Daniele Spinoso , David Izquierdo-Villalba , Tong Su , Silvia Bonoli , Pablo Renard

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered many compact galaxies at high redshift with broad hydrogen and helium lines, including the enigmatic population of little red dots (LRDs). The nature of these galaxies is debated and is…

Recently, a large number of compact sources at $z > 4$ with blue UV slopes and extremely red rest-frame optical slopes have been found in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) extragalactic surveys. As a subsample of these sources, commonly…

Little Red Dots (LRDs) are enigmatic, compact, red galaxies at high redshift, $z\sim 4$-$7$, discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope. Broad emission lines in the absence of X-ray and radio counterparts suggest that they host accreting…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-29 Riku Kuze , Kunihito Ioka , Kohta Murase , Shigeo S. Kimura , Kohei Inayoshi

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed a previously hidden population of extremely bright and compact objects between redshifts of $z \sim 4$ and $z \sim 10$. Given their extreme red colouring in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-23 Jake Feeney , Patrick Kavanagh , John A. Regan

To investigate the radio properties of the recently found high-redshift population, we collected a sample of $919$ little red dots (LRDs) from the literature. By cross-matching their coordinates with the radio catalogues based on the first-…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-25 K. Perger , J. Fogasy , S. Frey , K. É. Gabányi

Little red dots (LRDs), high-redshift, compact, red objects with V-shaped spectra, are one of the most exciting and perplexing discoveries made by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). While the simplest explanation for LRDs is that they…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-05 Amy Secunda , Rachel S. Somerville , Yan-Fei Jiang , Jenny E. Greene , Lukas J. Furtak , Adi Zitrin

Recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations have revealed a population of compact extragalactic objects at $z\gtrsim4$ with red near-infrared colors, which have been dubbed as ``Little Red Dots" (LRDs). The…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-16 Minghao Yue , Anna-Christina Eilers , Tonima Tasnim Ananna , Christos Panagiotou , Erin Kara , Takamitsu Miyaji

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed a population of red and compact objects with a unique V-shape SED at z >= 4 known as Little Red Dots (LRDs). Most of the LRDs with existing spectral observations exhibit broad Balmer lines and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-06 Zijian Zhang , Linhua Jiang , Weiyang Liu , Luis C. Ho , Kohei Inayoshi

JWST is revolutionizing our view of the early Universe by pushing the boundaries of detectable galaxies and black holes in redshift (upward) and mass (downward). The Little Red Dots (LRDs), detected by several surveys at $z > 4$, present a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-23 Emmanuel Durodola , Fabio Pacucci , Ryan C. Hickox

Little red dots (LRDs) are a newly identified class of broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGN) with a distinctive v-shape spectrum characterized by red optical and blue UV continuum emission. Their high abundance at redshifts of $z\sim6-8$…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-29 Kohei Inayoshi , Jinyi Shangguan , Xian Chen , Luis C. Ho , Zoltan Haiman

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed a population of red and compact sources at $z \gtrsim 5$ known as ``Little Red Dots'' (LRDs) that are likely active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Here we present a comprehensive study of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-18 Zijian Zhang , Linhua Jiang , Weiyang Liu , Luis C. Ho

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered an abundant population of compact, extremely red, and X-ray weak objects at $z\gtrsim4$, knows as ``Little Red Dots" (LRDs). These objects exhibit spectral energy distributions that…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-29 Hai-Long Huang , Jun-Qian Jiang , Jibin He , Yu-Tong Wang , Yun-Song Piao
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