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The recently released Google Gemini class of models are the first to comprehensively report results that rival the OpenAI GPT series across a wide variety of tasks. In this paper, we do an in-depth exploration of Gemini's language…

The paper presents the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of the ArcGD optimiser. The evaluation is conducted initially on a non-convex benchmark function and subsequently on a real-world ML dataset. The initial comparative study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Nikhil Verma , Joonas Linnosmaa , Leonardo Espinosa-Leal , Napat Vajragupta

State-of-the-art (SOTA) LLMs have progressed from struggling on proof-based Olympiad problems to solving most of the IMO 2025 problems, with leading systems reportedly handling 5 of 6 problems. Given this progress, we assess how well these…

Shape optimization has been playing an important role in a large variety of engineering applications. Existing shape optimization methods are generally mesh-dependent and therefore encounter challenges due to mesh deformation. To overcome…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-11 Xili Wang , Pengfei Yin , Bo Zhang , Chao Yang

We propose a gradient descent method for solving optimization problems arising in settings of tropical geometry - a variant of algebraic geometry that has attracted growing interest in applications such as computational biology, economics,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Roan Talbut , Anthea Monod

Adam outperforms SGD when training language models. Yet this advantage is not well-understood theoretically -- previous convergence analysis for Adam and SGD mainly focuses on the number of steps $T$ and is already minimax-optimal in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Shuo Xie , Mohamad Amin Mohamadi , Zhiyuan Li

The geometry automated theorem proving area distinguishes itself by a large number of specific methods and implementations, different approaches (synthetic, algebraic, semi-synthetic) and different goals and applications (from research in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Nuno Baeta , Pedro Quaresma , Zoltán Kovács

Taking into account the regional characteristics of intrinsic and extrinsic properties of space is an essential issue in architectural design and urban renewal, which is often achieved step by step using image and graph-based GANs. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yayan Qiu , Sean Hanna

A tutorial introduction to projective geometric algebra (PGA), a modern, coordinate-free framework for doing euclidean geometry. PGA features: uniform representation of points, lines, and planes; robust, parallel-safe join and meet…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-08-19 Charles G. Gunn

The rapid advancement of LLMs has generated growing interest in their potential role in physics education and assessment, yet a focused evaluation of their performance on multi-faceted, free-response physics problems remains underexplored.…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-03-10 Bilas Paul , Jashandeep Kaur , Shantanu Chakraborty , Shruti Shrestha

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on a range of educational tasks, but are still understudied for their potential to solve mathematical problems. In this study, we compare three prominent LLMs, including GPT-4o,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ruonan Wang , Runxi Wang , Yunwen Shen , Chengfeng Wu , Qinglin Zhou , Rohitash Chandra

Recent state-of-the-art methods for neural architecture search (NAS) exploit gradient-based optimization by relaxing the problem into continuous optimization over architectures and shared-weights, a noisy process that remains poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Liam Li , Mikhail Khodak , Maria-Florina Balcan , Ameet Talwalkar

This work proposes A$^2$GD, a novel adaptive accelerated gradient descent method for convex and composite optimization. Smoothness and convexity constants are updated via Lyapunov analysis. Inspired by stability analysis in ODE solvers, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Zeyi Xu , Long Chen

Geometric algebra (GA) is a mathematical tool for geometric computing, providing a framework that allows a unified and compact approach to geometric relations which in other mathematical systems are typically described using different more…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Manel Velasco , Isiah Zaplana , Arnau Dória-Cerezo , Pau Martí

AlphaEvolve (Novikov et al., 2025) is a generic evolutionary coding agent that combines the generative capabilities of LLMs with automated evaluation in an iterative evolutionary framework that proposes, tests, and refines algorithmic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Bogdan Georgiev , Javier Gómez-Serrano , Terence Tao , Adam Zsolt Wagner

Recent advances in feature learning have shown that self-supervised vision foundation models can capture semantic correspondences but often lack awareness of underlying 3D geometry. GECO addresses this gap by producing geometrically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Regine Hartwig , Dominik Muhle , Riccardo Marin , Daniel Cremers

We present miniF2F, a dataset of formal Olympiad-level mathematics problems statements intended to provide a unified cross-system benchmark for neural theorem proving. The miniF2F benchmark currently targets Metamath, Lean, Isabelle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Kunhao Zheng , Jesse Michael Han , Stanislas Polu

We study visual explanation in geometry education as a Referring Image Segmentation (RIS) problem: given a diagram and a natural language description, the task is to produce a pixel-level mask for the referred geometric element. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Hai Nguyen-Truong , Alper Balbay , Tunga Bayrak

Finding the right north-star metrics is highly critical for advancing the mathematical reasoning capabilities of foundation models, especially given that existing evaluations are either too easy or only focus on getting correct short…

Affine correspondences have received significant attention due to their benefits in tasks like image matching and pose estimation. Existing methods for extracting affine correspondences still have many limitations in terms of performance;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Pengju Sun , Banglei Guan , Zhenbao Yu , Yang Shang , Qifeng Yu , Daniel Barath