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Near-term large quantum computers are not able to operate as a single processing unit. It is therefore required to partition a quantum circuit into smaller parts, and then each part is executed on a small unit. This approach is known as…

By connecting multiple quantum computers (QCs) through classical and quantum channels, a quantum communication network can be formed. This gives rise to new applications such as blind quantum computing, distributed quantum computing, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-18 Leo Sünkel , Manik Dawar , Thomas Gabor

Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift in computation, offering the potential to solve complex problems intractable for classical computers. Although current quantum processors already consist of a few hundred of qubits, their…

The recently developed quantum circuit cutting technique greatly extends the capabilities of current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. However, it introduces substantial overhead in both classical postprocessing and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Po-Hung Chen , Dah-Wei Chiou , Bo-Hung Chen , Jie-Hong Roland Jiang

We propose and experimentally demonstrate sequential quantum computing (SQC), a paradigm that utilizes multiple homogeneous or heterogeneous quantum processors in hybrid classical-quantum workflows. In this manner, we are able to overcome…

We introduce a tensor network based emulator, simulating a programmable analog quantum processing unit (QPU). The software package is fully integrated in a cloud platform providing a common interface for executing jobs on a HPC cluster as…

Quantum computing holds the promise of solving problems intractable for classical computers, but practical large-scale quantum computation requires error correction to protect against errors. Fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) enables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Meng Wang , Chenxu Liu , Sean Garner , Samuel Stein , Yufei Ding , Prashant J. Nair , Ang Li

For the first time in history, we are seeing a branching point in computing paradigms with the emergence of quantum processing units (QPUs). Extracting the full potential of computation and realizing quantum algorithms with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-29 Sergey Bravyi , Oliver Dial , Jay M. Gambetta , Dario Gil , Zaira Nazario

Quantum computing (QC) has gained significant attention over the past two decades due to its potential for speeding up classically demanding tasks. This transition from an academic focus to a thriving commercial sector is reflected in…

Physical constraints and engineering challenges, including wafer dimensions, classical control cabling, and refrigeration volumes, impose significant limitations on the scalability of quantum computing units. As a result, a modular quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Hugo Jacinto , Élie Gouzien , Nicolas Sangouard

Experiments with superconducting quantum processors have successfully demonstrated the basic functions needed for quantum computation and evidence of utility, albeit without a sizable array of error-corrected qubits. The realization of the…

Scaling bottlenecks the making of digital quantum computers, posing challenges from both the quantum and the classical components. We present a classical architecture to cope with a comprehensive list of the latter challenges {\em all at…

We provide algorithms for efficiently addressing quantum memory in parallel. These imply that the standard circuit model can be simulated with low overhead by the more realistic model of a distributed quantum computer. As a result, the…

Entanglement is widely believed to lie at the heart of the advantages offered by a quantum computer. This belief is supported by the discovery that a noiseless (pure) state quantum computer must generate a large amount of entanglement in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-16 B. P. Lanyon , M. Barbieri , M. P. Almeida , A. G. White

Quantum computing promises to revolutionize several scientific and technological domains through fundamentally new ways of processing information. Among its most compelling applications is digital quantum simulation, where quantum computers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Laurin E. Fischer

The processing unit of a solid-state quantum computer consists in an array of coupled qubits, each locally driven with on-chip microwave lines that route carefully-engineered control signals to the qubits in order to perform logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Francesco Cioni , Roberto Menta , Riccardo Aiudi , Marco Polini , Vittorio Giovannetti

Tensor computations present significant performance challenges that impact a wide spectrum of applications ranging from machine learning, healthcare analytics, social network analysis, data mining to quantum chemistry and signal processing.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Jiajia Li , Mahesh Lakshminarasimhan , Xiaolong Wu , Ang Li , Catherine Olschanowsky , Kevin Barker

Model compression, such as pruning and quantization, has been widely applied to optimize neural networks on resource-limited classical devices. Recently, there are growing interest in variational quantum circuits (VQC), that is, a type of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-06 Zhirui Hu , Peiyan Dong , Zhepeng Wang , Youzuo Lin , Yanzhi Wang , Weiwen Jiang

Recent advancements have highlighted the limitations of current quantum systems, particularly the restricted number of qubits available on near-term quantum devices. This constraint greatly inhibits the range of applications that can…

As simulations of quantum systems cross the limits of classical computability, both quantum and classical approaches become hard to verify. Scaling predictions are therefore based on local structure and asymptotic assumptions, typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Alberto Nocera , Jack Raymond , William Bernoudy , Mohammad H. Amin , Andrew D. King