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Inspection of ageing, reinforced concrete structures is a world-wide challenge. Existing non-destructive evaluation techniques in civil and structural engineering have limited penetration depth and don't allow to precisely ascertain the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-03-29 Magdalena Dobrowolska , Jaap Velthuis , Anna Kopp , Chiara De Sio , Ruaridh Milne , Philip Pearson

Quality assurance and condition assessment of concrete structures is an important topic world-wide due to the ageing infrastructure and increasing traffic demands. Common topics include, but are not limited to, localisation of rebar or…

The civil engineering industry faces a critical need for innovative non-destructive evaluation methods, particularly for ageing critical infrastructure, such as bridges, where current techniques fall short. Muography, a non-invasive imaging…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-03 William O'Donnell , David Mahon , Guangliang Yang , Simon Gardner

Among numerous applications of muon tomography, deployment in civil structures has caught attraction of many recently. In this work, the appropriateness of muon scattering tomography to detect defects in concrete structures has been studied…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2021-03-23 Sridhar Tripathy , Jaydeep Datta , Nayana Majumdar , Supratik Mukhopadhyay

Cracks in concrete structures are very common and are an integral part of this heterogeneous material. Characteristics of cracks induced by standardized tests yield valuable information about the tested concrete formulation and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Anna Nowacka , Katja Schladitz , Szymon Grzesiak , Matthias Pahn

Muon tomography is a relatively new method of radiography that utilizes muons from cosmic rays and their multiple Coulomb scattering property to distinguish materials. Researchers around the world have been developing various detection…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-12-20 Weihe Zeng , Xingyu Pan , Zhi Zeng , Hao Ma , Ming Zeng , Jianping Cheng

X-ray computed tomography (CT) has an indispensable role in constructing 3D images of objects made from light materials. However, limited by absorption coefficients, X-rays cannot deeply penetrate materials such as copper and lead. Here we…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-01-29 Burkhant Suerfu , Christopher G. Tully

Muon radiography is a fast growing field in applied scientific research. In recent years, many detector technologies and imaging techniques using the Coulomb scattering and absorption properties of cosmic-ray muons have been developed for…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-11-11 F. Ambrosino , L. Bonechi , L. Cimmino , R. D'Alessandro , D. G. Ireland , R. Kaiser , D. F. Mahon , N. Mori , P. Noli , G. Saracino , C. Shearer , L. Viliani , G. Yang

Muon tomography is developing as a promising system to detect high-Z (atomic number) material for ensuring homeland security. In the present work, three kinds of spatial locations of materials which are made of aluminum, iron, lead and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-08-04 Xiao-Dong Wang , Kai-Xuan Ye , Yu-Lei Li , Wen Luo , Hui-Yin Wu , He-Run Yang , Guo-Xiang Chen , Zhi-Chao Zhu , Xiu-Liang Zhao

The authors present here a new method to image reinforcement elements inside thick structures and the results of a demonstration measurement performed on a mock-up wall built at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The method, referred to as…

Gildings, patinas and alteration crusts are common features of many heritage artefacts, especially for metals. Their size depends on many factors, like the manufacturing method for gildings or the conservation state for alteration crusts:…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 M. Cataldo , A. D Hillier , O. Cremonesi , F. Grazzi , S. Porcinai , M. Clemenza

Muon tomography is a technique that uses cosmic ray muons to generate three dimensional images of volumes using information contained in the Coulomb scattering of the muons. Advantages of this technique are the ability of cosmic rays to…

Muon radiography, also known as muography, is a non-destructive geophysical technique for the study of the internal structure of large objects such as volcanoes. This is possible by constructing an image based on the differential absorption…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-06-14 R. Calderón-Ardila , A. Almela , M. Gómez-Berisso , A. Sedoski , C. Varela , A. Vesga-Ramírez , H. Asorey

Cosmic ray muon computed tomography ({\mu}CT) is a new imaging modality with unique characteristics that could be particularly important for diverse applications including nuclear nonproliferation, spent nuclear fuel monitoring, cargo…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-10-17 Zhengzhi Liu , Stylianos Chatzidakis , John M. Scaglione , Can Liao , Haori Yang , Jason P. Hayward

A feasibility demonstration of three-dimensional (3D) muon tomography was performed for infrastructure equivalent targets using the proposed portable muography detector. For the target, we used two sets of lead blocks placed at different…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-01-19 Kullapha Chaiwongkhot , Tadahiro Kin , Yuta Nagata , Tomohiro Komori , Naoya Okamoto , Hamid Basiri

High-energy muons generated from cosmic-ray particle showers have been shown to exhibit properties ideal for imaging the interior of large structures. This paper explores the possibility of using a single portable muon detector in…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-05-06 K. Boniface , V. N. P. Anghel , A. Erlandson , G. Jonkmans , M. Thompson , S. Livingstone

Cosmic ray muons enable non-invasive imaging of dense structures through multipleCoulomb scattering (MCS), with scattering angles dependent on atomic number (Z). Traditional algorithms like Point of Closest Approach (PoCA) assume single…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Reshma Ughade , Stylianos Chatzidakis

Concrete is the standard construction material for buildings, bridges, and roads. As safety plays a central role in the design, monitoring, and maintenance of such constructions, it is important to understand the cracking behavior of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Tin Barisin , Christian Jung , Franziska Müsebeck , Claudia Redenbach , Katja Schladitz

Muon scattering tomography utilises muons, typically originating from cosmic rays to image the interiors of dense objects. However, due to the low flux of cosmic ray muons at sea-level and the highly complex interactions that muons display…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Li Xin Jed Lim , Ziming Qiu

The muon tomography technique, based on multiple Coulomb scattering of cosmic ray muons, has been proposed as a tool to detect the presence of high density objects inside closed volumes. In this paper a new and innovative method is…

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