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Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI aims to develop deep neural networks whose predictions comply with prior knowledge encoding, e.g. safety or structural constraints. As such, it represents one of the most promising avenues for reliable and…

Neuro-Symbolic AI (NeSy) holds promise to ensure the safe deployment of AI systems, as interpretable symbolic techniques provide formal behaviour guarantees. The challenge is how to effectively integrate neural and symbolic computation, to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Daniel Cunnington , Mark Law , Jorge Lobo , Alessandra Russo

The integration of symbolic computing with neural networks has intrigued researchers since the first theorizations of Artificial intelligence (AI). The ability of Neuro-Symbolic (NeSy) methods to infer or exploit behavioral schema has been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Giovanni Pio Delvecchio , Lorenzo Molfetta , Gianluca Moro

Neurosymbolic (NeSy) AI has emerged as a promising direction to integrate neural and symbolic reasoning. Unfortunately, little effort has been given to developing NeSy systems tailored to sequential/temporal problems. We identify symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Nikolaos Manginas , George Paliouras , Luc De Raedt

Neurosymbolic (NeSy) frameworks combine neural representations and learning with symbolic representations and reasoning. Combining the reasoning capacities, explainability, and interpretability of symbolic processing with the flexibility…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Sania Sinha , Tanawan Premsri , Danial Kamali , Parisa Kordjamshidi

In this paper, we introduce Neural Probabilistic Soft Logic (NeuPSL), a novel neuro-symbolic (NeSy) framework that unites state-of-the-art symbolic reasoning with the low-level perception of deep neural networks. To model the boundary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Connor Pryor , Charles Dickens , Eriq Augustine , Alon Albalak , William Wang , Lise Getoor

Advocates for Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence (NeSy) assert that combining deep learning with symbolic reasoning will lead to stronger AI than either paradigm on its own. As successful as deep learning has been, it is generally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Kyle Hamilton , Aparna Nayak , Bojan Božić , Luca Longo

We study the problem of combining neural networks with symbolic reasoning. Recently introduced frameworks for Probabilistic Neurosymbolic Learning (PNL), such as DeepProbLog, perform exponential-time exact inference, limiting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Emile van Krieken , Thiviyan Thanapalasingam , Jakub M. Tomczak , Frank van Harmelen , Annette ten Teije

Neural-symbolic computing (NeSy), which pursues the integration of the symbolic and statistical paradigms of cognition, has been an active research area of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for many years. As NeSy shows promise of reconciling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Wenguan Wang , Yi Yang , Fei Wu

Neural-Symbolic (NeSy) Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a promising approach for combining the learning capabilities of neural networks with the interpretable reasoning of symbolic systems. However, existing NeSy frameworks typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Marios Thoma , Vassilis Vassiliades , Loizos Michael

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems advance, we move towards broad AI: systems capable of performing well on diverse tasks, understanding context, and adapting rapidly to new scenarios. A central challenge for broad AI systems is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Marius-Constantin Dinu

A large class of Neural-Symbolic (NeSy) methods employs a machine learner to process the input entities, while relying on a reasoner based on First-Order Logic to represent and process more complex relationships among the entities. A…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Rodrigo Castellano Ontiveros , Francesco Giannini , Marco Gori , Giuseppe Marra , Michelangelo Diligenti

Neurosymbolic (NeSy) AI aims to combine the strengths of neural architectures and symbolic reasoning to improve the accuracy, interpretability, and generalization capability of AI models. While logic inference on top of subsymbolic modules…

Neural-symbolic AI (NeSy) allows neural networks to exploit symbolic background knowledge in the form of logic. It has been shown to aid learning in the limited data regime and to facilitate inference on out-of-distribution data.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Lennert De Smet , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Robin Manhaeve , Giuseppe Marra , Angelika Kimmig , Luc De Raedt

Sequential problems are ubiquitous in AI, such as in reinforcement learning or natural language processing. State-of-the-art deep sequential models, like transformers, excel in these settings but fail to guarantee the satisfaction of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Lennert De Smet , Gabriele Venturato , Luc De Raedt , Giuseppe Marra

Cybersecurity demands both rapid pattern recognition and deliberative reasoning, yet purely neural or purely symbolic approaches each address only one side of this duality. Neuro-Symbolic (NeSy) AI bridges this gap by integrating learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Safayat Bin Hakim , Muhammad Adil , Alvaro Velasquez , Shouhuai Xu , Houbing Herbert Song

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong general-purpose reasoning capabilities, yet they frequently hallucinate when used as world models (WMs), where strict compliance with deterministic transition rules--particularly in corner…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Hongyu Zhao , Siyu Zhou , Haolin Yang , Zengyi Qin , Tianyi Zhou

Over the last few decades, Artificial Intelligence (AI) scientists have been conducting investigations to attain human-level performance by a machine in accomplishing a cognitive task. Within machine learning, the ultimate aspiration is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Delower Hossain , Jake Y Chen

This survey explores the integration of learning and reasoning in two different fields of artificial intelligence: neurosymbolic and statistical relational artificial intelligence. Neurosymbolic artificial intelligence (NeSy) studies the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Giuseppe Marra , Sebastijan Dumančić , Robin Manhaeve , Luc De Raedt

Neurosymbolic (NeSy) AI studies the integration of neural networks (NNs) and symbolic reasoning based on logic. Usually, NeSy techniques focus on learning the neural, probabilistic and/or fuzzy parameters of NeSy models. Learning the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Matthias Möller , Arvid Norlander , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Luc De Raedt
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