English
Related papers

Related papers: Improve Decoding Factuality by Token-wise Cross La…

200 papers

The detection of sophisticated hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) is hampered by a ``Detection Dilemma'': methods probing internal states (Internal State Probing) excel at identifying factual inconsistencies but fail on logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yusheng Song , Lirong Qiu , Xi Zhang , Zhihao Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit \textit{hallucinations}, generating factually incorrect or semantically irrelevant content in response to prompts. Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can mitigate hallucinations by encouraging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Jiahao Cheng , Tiancheng Su , Jia Yuan , Guoxiu He , Jiawei Liu , Xinqi Tao , Jingwen Xie , Huaxia Li

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) often hallucinate content that is fluent yet unsupported by the image, limiting their reliability in real-world deployment. We show that a key failure mode arises from route competition: even when visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhe Cheng , Wenyu Chen , Fode Zhang , Dehuan Shen

Modern large language model (LLM) inference engines optimize throughput and latency under fixed decoding rules, treating generation as a linear progression in token time. We propose a fundamentally different paradigm: entropic\-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Andrew Kiruluta

In-context learning has emerged as a groundbreaking ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) and revolutionized various fields by providing a few task-relevant demonstrations in the prompt. However, trustworthy issues with LLM's response,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Chen Ling , Xujiang Zhao , Xuchao Zhang , Wei Cheng , Yanchi Liu , Yiyou Sun , Mika Oishi , Takao Osaki , Katsushi Matsuda , Jie Ji , Guangji Bai , Liang Zhao , Haifeng Chen

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit Context Faithfulness Hallucinations, where outputs deviate from retrieved information due to incomplete context integration. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between token-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yanwen Huang , Yong Zhang , Ning Cheng , Zhitao Li , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao

Small language models (SLMs) have been increasingly deployed in edge devices and other resource-constrained settings. However, these models make confident mispredictions and produce unstable output, making them risky for factual and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Adeyemi Adeseye , Aisvarya Adeseye , Hannu Tenhunen , Jouni Isoaho

To mitigate the impact of hallucination nature of LLMs, many studies propose detecting hallucinated generation through uncertainty estimation. However, these approaches predominantly operate at the sentence or paragraph level, failing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Min-Hsuan Yeh , Max Kamachee , Seongheon Park , Yixuan Li

Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to hallucinations -- factually incorrect outputs -- leading to a large body of work on detecting and mitigating such cases. We argue that it is important to distinguish between two types of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Adi Simhi , Jonathan Herzig , Idan Szpektor , Yonatan Belinkov

Reliable question answering with large language models (LLMs) is challenged by hallucinations, fluent but factually incorrect outputs arising from epistemic uncertainty. Existing entropy-based semantic-level uncertainty estimation methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Chaodong Tong , Qi Zhang , Lei Jiang , Yanbing Liu , Nannan Sun , Wei Li

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as strong contenders in machine translation.Yet, they still struggle to adequately handle discourse phenomena, such as pronoun resolution and lexical cohesion at the document level. In this study,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Wafaa Mohammed , Vlad Niculae , Chrysoula Zerva

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but they still frequently produce hallucinations. These hallucinations are difficult to detect in reasoning-intensive tasks, where the content appears coherent but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Rui Min , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Minhao Cheng , Yi R. Fung

Diffusion large language models (D-LLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to auto-regressive models due to their iterative refinement capabilities. However, hallucinations remain a critical issue that hinders their reliability. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yanyu Qian , Yue Tan , Yixin Liu , Wang Yu , Shirui Pan

We explore uncertainty quantification in large language models (LLMs), with the goal to identify when uncertainty in responses given a query is large. We simultaneously consider both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties, where the former…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yasin Abbasi Yadkori , Ilja Kuzborskij , András György , Csaba Szepesvári

Large language models (LLMs) hallucinate with confidence: their outputs can be fluent, authoritative, and simply wrong. In medical, legal, and scientific applications this failure causes direct harm, and detecting it from internal model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Khizar Hussain , Murat Kantarcioglu

When large language models are aligned via supervised fine-tuning, they may encounter new factual information that was not acquired through pre-training. It is often conjectured that this can teach the model the behavior of hallucinating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Zorik Gekhman , Gal Yona , Roee Aharoni , Matan Eyal , Amir Feder , Roi Reichart , Jonathan Herzig

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the Transformer architecture have recently emerged as a dominant foundation model for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. Nevertheless, their application in real-time scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Hasan Genc , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami , Sophia Shao

Despite the recent advancement in large language models (LLMs) and their high performances across numerous benchmarks, recent research has unveiled that LLMs suffer from hallucinations and unfaithful reasoning. This work studies a specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Bangzheng Li , Ben Zhou , Fei Wang , Xingyu Fu , Dan Roth , Muhao Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to generating inaccurate or false information, often referred to as "hallucinations" or "confabulations." While several technical advancements have been made to detect hallucinated content by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Hyo Jin Do , Rachel Ostrand , Werner Geyer , Keerthiram Murugesan , Dennis Wei , Justin Weisz

Neural sequence models can generate highly fluent sentences, but recent studies have also shown that they are also prone to hallucinate additional content not supported by the input. These variety of fluent but wrong outputs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Chunting Zhou , Graham Neubig , Jiatao Gu , Mona Diab , Paco Guzman , Luke Zettlemoyer , Marjan Ghazvininejad