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Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing with their impressive reasoning and question-answering capabilities. However, these models are sometimes prone to generating credible-sounding but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ranganath Krishnan , Piyush Khanna , Omesh Tickoo

Decoding strategies play a central role in shaping the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). Traditional methods such as greedy decoding and beam search often suffer from error propagation, while sampling-based approaches…

Prior works have shown that fine-tuning on new knowledge can induce factual hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), leading to incorrect outputs when evaluated on previously known information. However, the specific manifestations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Renfei Dang , Peng Hu , Zhejian Lai , Changjiang Gao , Min Zhang , Shujian Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in safety-critical domains, yet remain susceptible to hallucinations. While prior works have proposed confidence representation methods for hallucination detection, most of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Elyes Hajji , Aymen Bouguerra , Fabio Arnez

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to align their responses with objective facts, resulting in the issue of factual hallucinations, which can be difficult to detect and mislead users without relevant knowledge. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Siyuan Zhang , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate great performance in text generation. However, LLMs are still suffering from hallucinations. In this work, we propose an inference-time method, Self-Highlighted Hesitation (SH2), to help LLMs decode…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jushi Kai , Tianhang Zhang , Hai Hu , Zhouhan Lin

Existing large language models (LLMs) are known for generating "hallucinated" content, namely a fabricated text of plausibly looking, yet unfounded, facts. To identify when these hallucination scenarios occur, we examine the properties of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Mohamed Akrout

Uncertainty quantification in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for applications where safety and reliability are important. In particular, uncertainty can be used to improve the trustworthiness of LLMs by detecting factually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Alexander Nikitin , Jannik Kossen , Yarin Gal , Pekka Marttinen

While large language models have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks, they remain susceptible to hallucinations -- generating plausible yet factually incorrect contents. Existing methods to mitigating such risk…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yurui Chang , Bochuan Cao , Lu Lin

The computational complexity of large language model (LLM) inference significantly constrains their deployment efficiency on edge devices. In contrast, small language models offer faster decoding and lower resource consumption but often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jianshu She , Wenhao Zheng , Zhengzhong Liu , Hongyi Wang , Eric Xing , Huaxiu Yao , Qirong Ho

This research aims to unravel how large language models (LLMs) iteratively refine token predictions through internal processing. We utilized a logit lens technique to analyze the model's token predictions derived from intermediate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jaturong Kongmanee

While Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have rapidly advanced in recent years, the prevalent issue known as the `hallucination' problem has emerged as a significant bottleneck, hindering their real-world deployments. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Fushuo Huo , Wenchao Xu , Zhong Zhang , Haozhao Wang , Zhicheng Chen , Peilin Zhao

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have recently achieved strong mathematical and code reasoning performance through Reinforcement Learning (RL) post-training. However, we show that modern reasoning post-training induces an unintended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenhui Tan , Fiorenzo Parascandolo , Enver Sangineto , Jianzhong Ju , Zhenbo Luo , Qian Cao , Rita Cucchiara , Ruihua Song , Jian Luan

Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) integrate visual and linguistic modalities, exhibiting exceptional performance across various multimodal tasks. Nevertheless, LVLMs remain vulnerable to the issue of object hallucinations. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Chao Wang , Xuancheng Zhou , Weiwei Fu , Yang Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly important in natural language processing, enabling advanced data analytics through natural language queries. However, these models often generate "hallucinations"-inaccurate or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mikhail Rumiantsau , Aliaksei Vertsel , Ilya Hrytsuk , Isaiah Ballah

Large language models(LLMs) excel at text generation and knowledge question-answering tasks, but they are prone to generating hallucinated content, severely limiting their application in high-risk domains. Current hallucination detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Shize Liang , Hongzhi Wang

Hallucination in text summarization refers to the phenomenon where the model generates information that is not supported by the input source document. Hallucination poses significant obstacles to the accuracy and reliability of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Tohida Rehman , Ronit Mandal , Abhishek Agarwal , Debarshi Kumar Sanyal

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive performance in multimodal tasks, but they still suffer from hallucinations, i.e., generating content that is grammatically accurate but inconsistent with visual inputs. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Chenxi Li , Yichen Guo , Benfang Qian , Jinhao You , Kai Tang , Yaosong Du , Zonghao Zhang , Xiande Huang

Hallucination has been a long-standing and inevitable problem that hinders the application of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) in domains that require high reliability. Various methods focus on improvement depending on data annotations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Chao Wang , Jianming Yang , Yang Zhou

Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) pose significant security and reliability risks in real-world applications. Inspired by the observation that humans are more error-prone when uncertain or hesitant, we investigate how…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zhaoxu Li , Chenqi Kong , Peijun Bao , Song Xia , Yi Tu , Yi Yu , Xinghao Jiang , Xudong Jiang