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Reconstructing the initial conditions of the universe is a key problem in cosmology. Methods based on simulating the forward evolution of the universe have provided a way to infer initial conditions consistent with present-day observations.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-11 Ronan Legin , Matthew Ho , Pablo Lemos , Laurence Perreault-Levasseur , Shirley Ho , Yashar Hezaveh , Benjamin Wandelt

Reconstructing cosmological initial conditions (ICs) from late-time observations is a difficult task, which relies on the use of computationally expensive simulators alongside sophisticated statistical methods to navigate multi-million…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-22 Oleg Savchenko , Florian List , Guillermo Franco Abellán , Noemi Anau Montel , Christoph Weniger

The standard approach to inference from cosmic large-scale structure data employs summary statistics that are compared to analytic models in a Gaussian likelihood with pre-computed covariance. To overcome the idealising assumptions about…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-24 Kiyam Lin , Maximilian von Wietersheim-Kramsta , Benjamin Joachimi , Stephen Feeney

(Abridged) Simulation-based inference (SBI) has emerged as a powerful framework for extracting cosmological information from complex, non-linear data where analytical likelihoods are unavailable. Its reliability is commonly assessed using…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-07 Toka Alokda , Cristiano Porciani , Alexander Eggemeier

Reconstructing the Gaussian initial conditions at the beginning of the Universe from the survey data in a forward modeling framework is a major challenge in cosmology. This requires solving a high dimensional inverse problem with an…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-28 Chirag Modi , François Lanusse , Uroš Seljak , David N. Spergel , Laurence Perreault-Levasseur

Making inferences about physical properties of the Universe requires knowledge of the data likelihood. A Gaussian distribution is commonly assumed for the uncertainties with a covariance matrix estimated from a set of simulations. The noise…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-09 Jed Homer , Oliver Friedrich , Daniel Gruen

Reconstructing astrophysical and cosmological fields from observations is challenging. It requires accounting for non-linear transformations, mixing of spatial structure, and noise. In contrast, forward simulators that map fields to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-01 Florian List , Noemi Anau Montel , Christoph Weniger

Simulation-based inference (SBI) is rapidly establishing itself as a standard machine learning technique for analyzing data in cosmological surveys. Despite continual improvements to the quality of density estimation by learned models,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-03 Pablo Lemos , Miles Cranmer , Muntazir Abidi , ChangHoon Hahn , Michael Eickenberg , Elena Massara , David Yallup , Shirley Ho

Simulation-based inference (SBI) enables parameter inference by training neural networks on forward simulations. It is being applied both for intractable likelihoods as well as under time constraints on the posterior sampling. After…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-12 Leander Thiele

Simulation-based inference (SBI) enables cosmological parameter estimation when closed-form likelihoods or models are unavailable. However, SBI relies on machine learning for neural compression and density estimation. This requires large…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-29 Alex A. Saoulis , Davide Piras , Niall Jeffrey , Alessio Spurio Mancini , Ana M. G. Ferreira , Benjamin Joachimi

We present a Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) framework for cosmological parameter estimation via void lensing analysis. Despite the absence of an analytical model of void lensing, SBI can effectively learn posterior distributions through…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-09 Chen Su , Huanyuan Shan , Cheng Zhao , Wenshuo Xu , Jiajun Zhang

I present a new approach to recover the primordial density fluctuations and the cosmic web structure underlying a galaxy distribution. The method is based on sampling Gaussian fields which are compatible with a galaxy distribution and a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Francisco-Shu Kitaura

A major challenge in extracting information from current and upcoming surveys of cosmological Large-Scale Structure (LSS) is the limited availability of computationally expensive high-fidelity simulations. We introduce calibrated Neural…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-24 He Jia

We present COSMIC BIRTH: COSMological Initial Conditions from Bayesian Inference Reconstructions with THeoretical models: an algorithm to reconstruct the primordial and evolved cosmic density fields from galaxy surveys on the light-cone.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-23 Francisco-Shu Kitaura , Metin Ata , Sergio A. Rodriguez-Torres , Monica Hernandez-Sanchez , A. Balaguera-Antolinez , Gustavo Yepes

We develop the framework of Linear Simulation-based Inference (LSBI), an application of simulation-based inference where the likelihood is approximated by a Gaussian linear function of its parameters. We obtain analytical expressions for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-08 Nicolas Mediato-Diaz , Will Handley

Extracting maximum cosmological information from current and upcoming large-scale structure data requires going beyond summary statistics as currently used in likelihood-based inference. Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) promises to enable…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-27 Giulio Scelfo , Satvik Mishra , Mauro Rigo , Roberto Trotta , Matteo Viel

Amortized simulation-based inference (SBI) methods train neural networks on simulated data to perform Bayesian inference. While this strategy avoids the need for tractable likelihoods, it often requires a large number of simulations and has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Manuel Gloeckler , Shoji Toyota , Kenji Fukumizu , Jakob H. Macke

Inferring the values and uncertainties of cosmological parameters in a cosmology model is of paramount importance for modern cosmic observations. In this paper, we use the simulation-based inference (SBI) approach to estimate cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-02 Moonzarin Reza , Yuanyuan Zhang , Brian Nord , Jason Poh , Aleksandra Ciprijanovic , Louis Strigari

Simulation-based inference (SBI) has emerged as a powerful tool for extracting cosmological information from galaxy surveys deep into the non-linear regime. Despite its great promise, its application is limited by the computational cost of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-21 Gemma Zhang , Chirag Modi , Oliver H. E. Philcox

How much cosmological information can we reliably extract from existing and upcoming large-scale structure observations? Many summary statistics fall short in describing the non-Gaussian nature of the late-time Universe in comparison to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-15 Kai Lehman , Sven Krippendorf , Jochen Weller , Klaus Dolag
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