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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress in automated code generation. Yet, LLM-generated code may contain errors in API usage, class, data structure, or missing project-specific information. As much of this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Zhangqian Bi , Yao Wan , Zheng Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Batu Guan , Fangxin Lu , Zili Zhang , Yulei Sui , Hai Jin , Xuanhua Shi

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved notable success in code generation. However, they still frequently produce uncompilable output because their next-token inference procedure does not model formal aspects of code. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Niels Mündler , Jingxuan He , Hao Wang , Koushik Sen , Dawn Song , Martin Vechev

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has advanced automatic code generation, yet most approaches rely on direct, single-step translation from problem descriptions to code, disregarding structured software engineering practices.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Xing Xing , Wei Wang , Lipeng Ma , Weidong Yang , Junjie Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly as tools for automating code generation in scientific research, yet their ability to interpret and use unfamiliar Python APIs for complex computational experiments remains poorly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Nuno Fachada , Daniel Fernandes , Carlos M. Fernandes , Bruno D. Ferreira-Saraiva , João P. Matos-Carvalho

Large language models generate complex, open-ended outputs: instead of outputting a class label they write summaries, generate dialogue, or produce working code. In order to asses the reliability of these open-ended generation systems, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Erik Jones , Jacob Steinhardt

Code generation models based on the pre-training and fine-tuning paradigm have been increasingly attempted by both academia and industry, resulting in well-known industrial models such as Codex, CodeGen, and PanGu-Coder. To evaluate the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Hao Yu , Bo Shen , Dezhi Ran , Jiaxin Zhang , Qi Zhang , Yuchi Ma , Guangtai Liang , Ying Li , Qianxiang Wang , Tao Xie

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in code generation recently, offering programmers revolutionary assistance in software development. However, due to the auto-regressive nature of LLMs, they are susceptible…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xue Jiang , Yihong Dong , Yongding Tao , Huanyu Liu , Zhi Jin , Wenpin Jiao , Ge Li

Recently, dynamically typed languages, such as Python, have gained unprecedented popularity. Although these languages alleviate the need for mandatory type annotations, types still play a critical role in program understanding and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Ibrahim Abdelaziz , Julian Dolby , Kavitha Srinivas

In 2023, we are using the latest models of GPT-4 to advance program synthesis. The large language models have significantly improved the state-of-the-art for this purpose. To make these advancements more accessible, we have created a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Daniel Li , Lincoln Murr

Ensemble learning has been widely used in machine learning to improve model robustness, accuracy, and generalization, but has not yet been applied to code generation tasks with large language models (LLMs). We propose an ensemble approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Tarek Mahmud , Bin Duan , Corina Pasareanu , Guowei Yang

Testing is an essential part of software development. Test generation tools attempt to automate the otherwise labor-intensive task of test creation, but generating high-coverage tests remains challenging. This paper proposes CoverUp, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Juan Altmayer Pizzorno , Emery D. Berger

The task of generating code from a natural language description, or NL2Code, is considered a pressing and significant challenge in code intelligence. Thanks to the rapid development of pre-training techniques, surging large language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Daoguang Zan , Bei Chen , Fengji Zhang , Dianjie Lu , Bingchao Wu , Bei Guan , Yongji Wang , Jian-Guang Lou

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and Copilot, are transforming software development by automating code generation and, arguably, enable rapid prototyping, support education, and boost productivity. Therefore, correctness and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Robin Beer , Alexander Feix , Tim Guttzeit , Tamara Muras , Vincent Müller , Maurice Rauscher , Florian Schäffler , Welf Löwe

Improving the code generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) typically relies on supervised fine-tuning or preference optimization, both of which require costly external resources such as powerful teacher models or reliable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Huan Zhang , Wei Cheng , Wei Hu

Generating executable code from natural language instructions using Large Language Models (LLMs) poses challenges such as semantic ambiguity and understanding taskspecific contexts. To address these issues, we propose a system called…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Nirmal Joshua Kapu , Mihit Sreejith

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in code generation, yet their true programming competence remains underexplored. We introduce the Code Triangle framework, which systematically evaluates LLMs across three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Taolin Zhang , Zihan Ma , Maosong Cao , Junnan Liu , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

Bug fixing and code generation have been core research topics in software development for many years. The recent explosive growth in Large Language Models has completely transformed these spaces, putting in reach incredibly powerful tools…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Avinash Anand , Akshit Gupta , Nishchay Yadav , Shaurya Bajaj

This study aims to enhance the maintainability of code generated by Large Language Models (LLMs), with a focus on the Python programming language. As the use of LLMs for coding assistance grows, so do concerns about the maintainability of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Karthik Shivashankar , Antonio Martini

Large language models (LLMs), such as Codex and GPT-4, have recently showcased their remarkable code generation abilities, facilitating a significant boost in coding efficiency. This paper will delve into utilizing LLMs for code generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Daoguang Zan , Bei Chen , Yongshun Gong , Junzhi Cao , Fengji Zhang , Bingchao Wu , Bei Guan , Yilong Yin , Yongji Wang

Automating hardware design could obviate a significant amount of human error from the engineering process and lead to fewer errors. Verilog is a popular hardware description language to model and design digital systems, thus generating…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Shailja Thakur , Baleegh Ahmad , Zhenxing Fan , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Ramesh Karri , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Siddharth Garg