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Convolutional layers in graph neural networks are a fundamental type of layer which output a representation or embedding of each graph vertex. The representation typically encodes information about the vertex in question and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Padraig Corcoran

Recent advances in multimodal learning have largely relied on pairwise contrastive objectives to align different modalities, such as text, video, and audio, in a shared embedding space. While effective in bi-modal setups, these approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Haochen You , Baojing Liu

Convolutional networks and vision transformers have different forms of pairwise interactions, pooling across layers and pooling at the end of the network. Does the latter really need to be different? As a by-product of pooling, vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Bill Psomas , Ioannis Kakogeorgiou , Konstantinos Karantzalos , Yannis Avrithis

Embedding models have been crucial in enabling various downstream tasks such as semantic similarity, information retrieval, and clustering. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in developing universal text embedding models that can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ziyan Jiang , Rui Meng , Xinyi Yang , Semih Yavuz , Yingbo Zhou , Wenhu Chen

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) due to its efficient encoding of relative positions with strong extrapolation capabilities. However, while its application in higher-dimensional input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Haiping Liu , Lijing Lin , Jingyuan Sun , Zhegong Shangguan , Mauricio A. Alvarez , Hongpeng Zhou

Recently, the vision transformer has achieved great success by pushing the state-of-the-art of various vision tasks. One of the most challenging problems in the vision transformer is that the large sequence length of image tokens leads to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Yu-Huan Wu , Yun Liu , Xin Zhan , Ming-Ming Cheng

In the realm of large-scale language models, a significant challenge arises when extrapolating sequences beyond the maximum allowable length. This is because the model's position embedding mechanisms are limited to positions encountered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yui Oka , Taku Hasegawa , Kyosuke Nishida , Kuniko Saito

We present a method for balancing between the Local and Global Structures (LGS) in graph embedding, via a tunable parameter. Some embedding methods aim to capture global structures, while others attempt to preserve local neighborhoods. Few…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Jacob Miller , Vahan Huroyan , Stephen Kobourov

Recent advancements in computer vision have highlighted the scalability of Vision Transformers (ViTs) across various tasks, yet challenges remain in balancing adaptability, computational efficiency, and the ability to model higher-order…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Joshua Fixelle

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become the standard learning architectures for graphs. GNNs have been applied to numerous domains ranging from quantum chemistry, recommender systems to knowledge graphs and natural language processing. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Vijay Prakash Dwivedi , Anh Tuan Luu , Thomas Laurent , Yoshua Bengio , Xavier Bresson

The generalization of the Transformer architecture via MetaFormer has reshaped our understanding of its success in computer vision. By replacing self-attention with simpler token mixers, MetaFormer provides strong baselines for vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Ron Keuth , Paul Kaftan , Mattias P. Heinrich

To enhance the positioning and tracking performance of dynamic user equipment (UE) in wideband millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems, we propose a novel positioning error lower bound (PELB)-driven ping-pong positioning framework, where the base…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Lin Guo , Tiejun Lv , Yashuai Cao , Mugen Peng

Edge computing is naturally suited to the applications generated by Internet of Things (IoT) nodes. The IoT applications generally take the form of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), where vertices represent interdependent functions and edges…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Hailiang Zhao , Shuiguang Deng , Zijie Liu , Zhengzhe Xiang , Jianwei Yin

We show that it is possible to reduce a high-dimensional object like a neural network agent into a low-dimensional vector representation with semantic meaning that we call agent embeddings, akin to word or face embeddings. This can be done…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Oscar Chang , Robert Kwiatkowski , Siyuan Chen , Hod Lipson

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous in science and engineering. Still, learning-based approaches to accelerate combinatorial optimization often require solving a large number of difficult instances to collect training data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Zohair Shafi , Serdar Kadioglu

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is the de facto positional encoding in large language models due to its ability to encode relative positions and support length extrapolation. When adapted to vision transformers, the standard axial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haoyu Liu , Sucheng Ren , Tingyu Zhu , Peng Wang , Cihang Xie , Alan Yuille , Zeyu Zheng , Feng Wang

Disentanglement learning is central to understanding and reusing learned representations in variational autoencoders (VAEs). Although equivariance has been explored in this context, effectively exploiting it for disentanglement remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hee-Jun Jung , Jaehyoung Jeong , Kangil Kim

A common architectural choice for deep metric learning is a convolutional neural network followed by global average pooling (GAP). Albeit simple, GAP is a highly effective way to aggregate information. One possible explanation for the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Yeti Z. Gurbuz , Ozan Sener , A. Aydın Alatan

In this paper, we present a neat yet effective transformer-based framework for visual grounding, namely TransVG, to address the task of grounding a language query to the corresponding region onto an image. The state-of-the-art methods,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Jiajun Deng , Zhengyuan Yang , Tianlang Chen , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

Computer vision has achieved remarkable success by (a) representing images as uniformly-arranged pixel arrays and (b) convolving highly-localized features. However, convolutions treat all image pixels equally regardless of importance;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Bichen Wu , Chenfeng Xu , Xiaoliang Dai , Alvin Wan , Peizhao Zhang , Zhicheng Yan , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Joseph Gonzalez , Kurt Keutzer , Peter Vajda