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Model-form uncertainty (MFU) in assumptions made during physics-based model development is widely considered a significant source of uncertainty; however, there are limited approaches that can quantify MFU in predictions extrapolating…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Teresa Portone , Rebekah D. White , Joseph L. Hart

Constant (naive) imputation is still widely used in practice as this is a first easy-to-use technique to deal with missing data. Yet, this simple method could be expected to induce a large bias for prediction purposes, as the imputed input…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-07 Alexis Ayme , Claire Boyer , Aymeric Dieuleveut , Erwan Scornet

Multiple imputation has become one of the most popular approaches for handling missing data in statistical analyses. Part of this success is due to Rubin's simple combination rules. These give frequentist valid inferences when the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-28 Jonathan W. Bartlett , Rachael A. Hughes

Missing data is a challenge when developing, validating and deploying clinical prediction models (CPMs). Traditionally, decisions concerning missing data handling during CPM development and validation havent accounted for whether…

To conduct causal inference in observational settings, researchers must rely on certain identifying assumptions. In practice, these assumptions are unlikely to hold exactly. This paper considers the bias of selection-on-observables,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-26 Melody Huang , Cory McCartan

Causal discovery algorithms estimate causal graphs from observational data. This can provide a valuable complement to analyses focussing on the causal relation between individual treatment-outcome pairs. Constraint-based causal discovery…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-31 Janine Witte , Ronja Foraita , Vanessa Didelez

Large-scale assessment data typically include numerous categorical variables, often affected by missing values. Motivated by the challenges arising in this framework, we extend the knockoffs method for selecting predictors to settings with…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-13 Silvia Bacci , Emanuela Dreassi , Leonardo Grilli , Carla Rampichini

Multi-sensor data that track system operating behaviors are widely available nowadays from various engineering systems. Measurements from each sensor over time form a curve and can be viewed as functional data. Clustering of these…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-08 Zhongnan Jin , Jie Min , Yili Hong , Pang Du , Qingyu Yang

Presence of missing values in a dataset can adversely affect the performance of a classifier. Single and Multiple Imputation are normally performed to fill in the missing values. In this paper, we present several variants of combining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Shehroz S. Khan , Amir Ahmad , Alex Mihailidis

Missing data frequently occurs in datasets across various domains, such as medicine, sports, and finance. In many cases, to enable proper and reliable analyses of such data, the missing values are often imputed, and it is necessary that the…

In observational studies, the identification of causal estimands depends on the no unmeasured confounding (NUC) assumption. As this assumption is not testable from observed data, sensitivity analysis plays an important role in observational…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-28 Md Abdul Basit , Mahbub A. H. M. Latif , Abdus S Wahed

In cluster-randomized trials (CRTs), missing data can occur in various ways, including missing values in outcomes and baseline covariates at the individual or cluster level, or completely missing information for non-participants. Among the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-06 Bingkai Wang , Fan Li , Rui Wang

Many techniques for handling missing data have been proposed in the literature. Most of these techniques are overly complex. This paper explores an imputation technique based on rough set computations. In this paper, characteristic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Fulufhelo Vincent Nelwamondo , Tshilidzi Marwala

Missing values of varying patterns and rates in real-world tabular data pose a significant challenge in developing reliable data-driven models. The most commonly used statistical and machine learning methods for missing value imputation may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ibna Kowsar , Shourav B. Rabbani , Yina Hou , Manar D. Samad

Multiple imputation (MI) is a popular method for dealing with missing values. However, the suitable way for applying clustering after MI remains unclear: how to pool partitions? How to assess the clustering instability when data are…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-16 Vincent Audigier , Ndèye Niang

Missing value is a very common and unavoidable problem in sensors, and researchers have made numerous attempts for missing value imputation, particularly in deep learning models. However, for real sensor data, the specific data distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 JinSheng Yang , YuanHai Shao , ChunNa Li , Wensi Wang

An efficient monotone data augmentation (MDA) algorithm is proposed for missing data imputation for incomplete multivariate nonnormal data that may contain variables of different types, and are modeled by a sequence of regression models…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-21 Yongqiang Tang

Physics education researchers (PER) commonly use complete-case analysis to address missing data. For complete-case analysis, researchers discard all data from any student who is missing any data. Despite its frequent use, no PER article we…

Physics Education · Physics 2019-02-20 Jayson Nissen , Robin Donatello , Ben Van Dusen

Multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) has emerged as a popular approach for handling missing data. A central challenge for applying MICE is determining how to incorporate outcome information into covariate imputation models,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-11 Lauren Beesley , Jeremy M G Taylor

Handling missing data is a central challenge in data-driven analysis. Modern imputation methods not only aim for accurate reconstruction but also differ in how they represent and quantify uncertainty. Yet, the reliability and calibration of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Zarin Tahia Hossain , Mostafa Milani