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Automated real-time evaluation of counselor-client interaction is important for ensuring quality counseling but the rules are difficult to articulate. Recent advancements in machine learning methods show the possibility of learning such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Anqi Li , Jingsong Ma , Lizhi Ma , Pengfei Fang , Hongliang He , Zhenzhong Lan

Mental health conversational agents have the potential to deliver valuable therapeutic impact, but low user engagement remains a critical barrier hindering their efficacy. Existing therapeutic approaches have leveraged clients' internal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Mehrnoosh Sadat Shirvani , Jackie Liu , Thomas Chao , Suky Martinez , Laura Brandt , Ig-Jae Kim , Dongwook Yoon

To develop a reliable AI for psychological assessment, we introduce \texttt{PsychEval}, a multi-session, multi-therapy, and highly realistic benchmark designed to address three key challenges: \textbf{1) Can we train a highly realistic AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Qianjun Pan , Junyi Wang , Jie Zhou , Yutao Yang , Junsong Li , Kaiyin Xu , Yougen Zhou , Yihan Li , Jingyuan Zhao , Qin Chen , Ningning Zhou , Kai Chen , Liang He

Typically, machine learning models are trained and evaluated without making any distinction between users (e.g, using traditional hold-out and cross-validation). However, this produces inaccurate performance metrics estimates in multi-user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Enrique Garcia-Ceja , Luciano Garcia-Banuelos , Nicolas Jourdan

User simulation is an emerging interdisciplinary topic with multiple critical applications in the era of Generative AI. It involves creating an intelligent agent that mimics the actions of a human user interacting with an AI system,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Krisztian Balog , ChengXiang Zhai

Self-guided mental health interventions, such as "do-it-yourself" tools to learn and practice coping strategies, show great promise to improve access to mental health care. However, these interventions are often cognitively demanding and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Ashish Sharma , Kevin Rushton , Inna Wanyin Lin , Theresa Nguyen , Tim Althoff

The recent surge of text-based online counseling applications enables us to collect and analyze interactions between counselors and clients. A dataset of those interactions can be used to learn to automatically classify the client…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Sungjoon Park , Donghyun Kim , Alice Oh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate how specific users respond to a given context, enabling more user-centric applications that rely on user feedback. However, existing user simulators mostly imitate surface-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shirley Wu , Evelyn Choi , Arpandeep Khatua , Zhanghan Wang , Joy He-Yueya , Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Wei Wei , Diyi Yang , Jure Leskovec , James Zou

Simulating real personalities with large language models requires grounding generation in authentic personal data. Existing evaluation approaches rely on demographic surveys, personality questionnaires, or short AI-led interviews as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yu Li , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Yada Pruksachatkun , Chien-Sheng Wu

Due to privacy concerns, open dialogue datasets for mental health are primarily generated through human or AI synthesis methods. However, the inherent implicit nature of psychological processes, particularly those of clients, poses…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Lixiu Wu , Yuanrong Tang , Qisen Pan , Xianyang Zhan , Yucheng Han , Lanxi Xiao , Tianhong Wang , Chen Zhong , Jiangtao Gong

Recommender systems play a central role in numerous real-life applications, yet evaluating their performance remains a significant challenge due to the gap between offline metrics and online behaviors. Given the scarcity and limits (e.g.,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Nicolas Bougie , Narimasa Watanabe

Doctor-patient consultations require multi-turn, context-aware communication tailored to diverse patient personas. Training or evaluating doctor LLMs in such settings requires realistic patient interaction systems. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Daeun Kyung , Hyunseung Chung , Seongsu Bae , Jiho Kim , Jae Ho Sohn , Taerim Kim , Soo Kyung Kim , Edward Choi

Robust therapeutic relationships between counselors and clients are fundamental to counseling effectiveness. The assessment of therapeutic alliance is well-established in traditional face-to-face therapy but may not directly translate to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Anqi Li , Yu Lu , Nirui Song , Shuai Zhang , Lizhi Ma , Zhenzhong Lan

Recent studies have explored the use of large language models (LLMs) in psychotherapy; however, text-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) models often struggle with client resistance, which can weaken therapeutic alliance. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Subin Kim , Hoonrae Kim , Jihyun Lee , Yejin Jeon , Gary Geunbae Lee

Although there is a growing belief that LLMs can be used as therapists, exploring LLMs' capabilities and inefficacy, particularly from the client's perspective, is limited. This work focuses on a client-centered assessment of LLM therapists…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Jiashuo Wang , Yang Xiao , Yanran Li , Changhe Song , Chunpu Xu , Chenhao Tan , Wenjie Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for mental health support, yet training such models is constrained by the scarcity and sensitivity of real counseling dialogues. In this article, we present MindChat, a privacy-preserving LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Dong Xue , Jicheng Tu , Ming Wang , Xin Yan , Fangzhou Liu , Jie Hu

User simulation has long played a vital role in computer science due to its potential to support a wide range of applications. Language, as the primary medium of human communication, forms the foundation of social interaction and behavior.…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have accelerated the development of conversational agents capable of generating human-like responses. Since psychiatric assessments typically involve complex conversational interactions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Jingoo Lee , Kyungho Lim , Young-Chul Jung , Byung-Hoon Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in role-playing scenarios, particularly in simulating domain-specific experts using tailored prompts. This ability enables LLMs to adopt the persona of individuals with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Xinyao Ma , Rui Zhu , Zihao Wang , Jingwei Xiong , Qingyu Chen , Haixu Tang , L. Jean Camp , Lucila Ohno-Machado

Conversational Recommender System (CRS) interacts with users through natural language to understand their preferences and provide personalized recommendations in real-time. CRS has demonstrated significant potential, prompting researchers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Lixi Zhu , Xiaowen Huang , Jitao Sang