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LLM-based client simulation has emerged as a promising tool for training novice counselors and evaluating automated counseling systems. However, existing client simulation approaches face three key challenges: (1) limited diversity and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Huachuan Qiu , Zhaoming Chen , Yuqian Chen , Yuan Xie , Yu Lu , Zhenzhong Lan

Learning therapeutic counseling involves significant role-play experience with mock patients, with current manual training methods providing only intermittent granular feedback. We seek to accelerate and optimize counselor training by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Ian Steenstra , Farnaz Nouraei , Timothy W. Bickmore

Psychological client simulators have emerged as a scalable solution for training and evaluating counselor trainees and psychological LLMs. Yet existing simulators exhibit unrealistic over-compliance, leaving counselors underprepared for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Danni Liu , Bo Liu , Yuxin Hu , Hantao Zhao , Yan Liu , Ding Ding , Jiahui Jin , Jiuxin Cao

Creating effective dialogue systems for mental health support requires high-quality multi-turn counseling dialogue data, yet collecting real counselor-client conversations presents significant challenges, including privacy concerns, high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Huachuan Qiu , Zhenzhong Lan

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in automated psychological counseling. However, current research focuses on single-session counseling, which doesn't represent real-world scenarios. In practice,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Junzhe Wang , Bichen Wang , Xing Fu , Yixin Sun , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin

The growing demand for accessible mental health support requires training more counselors, yet existing approaches remain resource-intensive and difficult to scale. LLMs can realistically simulate patients and generate actionable feedback…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ryan Louie , Raj Sanjay Shah , Ifdita Hasan Orney , Juan Pablo Pacheco , Emma Brunskill , Diyi Yang

Patient simulation is essential for developing and evaluating mental health dialogue systems. As most existing approaches rely on snapshot-style prompts with limited profile information, homogeneous behaviors and incoherent disease…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Baihan Li , Bingrui Jin , Kunyao Lan , Ming Wang , Mengyue Wu

College counseling centers in various universities have been tasked with the important responsibility of attending to the mental health needs of their students. Owing to the unprecedented recent surge of demand for such services, college…

The rise of online counseling services has highlighted the need for effective training methods for future counselors. This paper extends research on VirCo, a Virtual Client for Online Counseling, designed to complement traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Eric Rudolph , Natalie Engert , Jens Albrecht

Patient simulators are gaining traction in mental health training by providing scalable exposure to complex and sensitive patient interactions. Simulating depressed patients is particularly challenging, as safety constraints and high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Nguyen Khoi Hoang , Shuhaib Mehri , Tse-An Hsu , Yi-Jyun Sun , Quynh Xuan Nguyen Truong , Khoa D Doan , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

As Large Language Models increasingly power role-playing applications, simulating patients has become a valuable tool for training counselors and scaling therapeutic assessment. However, prior work is fragmented: existing approaches rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sahand Sabour , TszYam NG , Minlie Huang

Mental illness remains one of the most critical public health issues. Despite its importance, many mental health professionals highlight a disconnect between their training and actual real-world patient practice. To help bridge this gap, we…

The mismatch between the growing demand for psychological counseling and the limited availability of services has motivated research into the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in this domain. Consequently, there is a need for a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Bichen Wang , Yixin Sun , Junzhe Wang , Hao Yang , Xing Fu , Yanyan Zhao , Si Wei , Shijin Wang , Bing Qin

Recently, the demand for psychological counseling has significantly increased as more individuals express concerns about their mental health. This surge has accelerated efforts to improve the accessibility of counseling by using large…

Communication success relies heavily on reading participants' reactions. Such feedback is especially important for mental health counselors, who must carefully consider the client's progress and adjust their approach accordingly. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Anqi Li , Lizhi Ma , Yaling Mei , Hongliang He , Shuai Zhang , Huachuan Qiu , Zhenzhong Lan

Dialogue systems are increasingly integrated into mental health support to help clients facilitate exploration, gain insight, take action, and ultimately heal themselves. A practical and user-friendly dialogue system should be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Huachuan Qiu , Anqi Li , Lizhi Ma , Zhenzhong Lan

Conversational counselor agents have become essential tools for addressing the rising demand for scalable and accessible mental health support. This paper introduces CAMI, a novel automated counselor agent grounded in Motivational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yizhe Yang , Palakorn Achananuparp , Heyan Huang , Jing Jiang , Kit Phey Leng , Nicholas Gabriel Lim , Cameron Tan Shi Ern , Ee-peng Lim

Therapeutic dialogue is not a sequence of isolated responses: client goals, motivation, resistance, and therapeutic alliance evolve over time. Yet current LLM-based mental health dialogue systems often lack explicit mechanisms for tracking…

User simulation is a promising approach for automatically training and evaluating conversational information access agents, enabling the generation of synthetic dialogues and facilitating reproducible experiments at scale. However, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Nolwenn Bernard , Krisztian Balog

Training mental health clinicians to conduct standardized clinical assessments is challenging due to a lack of scalable, realistic practice opportunities, which can impact data quality in clinical trials. To address this gap, we introduce a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Veronica Bossio Botero , Vijay Yadav , Jacob Ouyang , Anzar Abbas , Michelle Worthington
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