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With the rapid development of the online education and large language model, the existing educational tools still suffer from incomplete service, insufficient performance and weak interactivity in terms of courseware generation, interactive…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Jinming Yang , Zimu Ji , Weiqi Luo , Gaoxi Wang , Bin Ma , Yueling Deng

Role play is a high-impact mode of training that has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving learning outcomes. However, it is difficult to scale to teacher instruction due to its inherent dependency on providing personnel who are both…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Cameron Mohne , Nicholas Vo , Dora Demszky , Chris Piech

Personalized learning represents a promising educational strategy within intelligent educational systems, aiming to enhance learners' practice efficiency. However, the discrepancy between offline metrics and online performance significantly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Weibo Gao , Qi Liu , Linan Yue , Fangzhou Yao , Rui Lv , Zheng Zhang , Hao Wang , Zhenya Huang

While intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) can use information from past students to personalize instruction, each new student is unique. Moreover, the education problem is inherently difficult because the learning process is only partially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jeffrey Jiang , Kevin Hong , Emily Kuczynski , Gregory Pottie

In online learning environments, students often lack personalized peer interactions, which are crucial for cognitive development and learning engagement. Although previous studies have employed large language models (LLMs) to simulate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xian Gao , Zongyun Zhang , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu

Effective interactive tool use requires agents to master Tool Integrated Reasoning (TIR): a complex process involving multi-turn planning and long-context dialogue management. To train agents for this dynamic process, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Weiting Tan , Xinghua Qu , Ming Tu , Meng Ge , Andy T. Liu , Philipp Koehn , Lu Lu

Generative models trained on internet data have revolutionized how text, image, and video content can be created. Perhaps the next milestone for generative models is to simulate realistic experience in response to actions taken by humans,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Sherry Yang , Yilun Du , Kamyar Ghasemipour , Jonathan Tompson , Leslie Kaelbling , Dale Schuurmans , Pieter Abbeel

Cognitive presence and social presence are crucial for a comprehensive learning experience. Despite the flexibility of asynchronous learning environments to accommodate individual schedules, the inherent constraints of asynchronous…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Tianjia Wang , Tong Wu , Huayi Liu , Chris Brown , Yan Chen

Recent advances in large language models have demonstrated strong reasoning and role-playing capabilities, opening new opportunities for agent-based social simulations. However, most existing agents' implementations are scenario-tailored,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Yuwei Yan , Jinghua Piao , Xiaochong Lan , Chenyang Shao , Pan Hui , Yong Li

Virtual Teaching Assistants (VTAs) powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance student learning by providing instant feedback and facilitating multi-turn interactions. However, empirical studies on their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Sunjun Kweon , Sooyohn Nam , Hyunseung Lim , Hwajung Hong , Edward Choi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to generate formative feedback and instructional hints in English, making them increasingly relevant for AI-assisted education. However, their ability to provide effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Junior Cedric Tonga , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Kaushal Kumar Maurya , Fajri Koto , Ekaterina Kochmar

Formative feedback is widely recognized as one of the most effective drivers of student learning, yet it remains difficult to implement equitably at scale. In large or low-resource courses, instructors often lack the time, staffing, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Chenyu Zhang , Xiaohang Luo

User simulation is important for developing and evaluating human-centered AI, yet current student simulation in educational applications has significant limitations. Existing approaches focus on single learning experiences and do not…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zhengyuan Liu , Stella Xin Yin , Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Guimei Liu , Dion Hoe-Lian Goh , Wenya Wang , Nancy F. Chen

Self-reflection on learning experiences constitutes a fundamental cognitive process, essential for the consolidation of knowledge and the enhancement of learning efficacy. However, traditional methods to facilitate reflection often face…

Despite the rapid deployment of LLMs into classrooms, validating educational AI remains uniquely intractable: interventions act on developing learners whose cognitive and social trajectories are irreversibly shaped, while real-world trials…

Formative feedback is central to effective learning, yet providing timely, individualised feedback at scale remains a persistent challenge. While recent work has explored the use of large language models (LLMs) to automate feedback, most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Fares Fawzi , Seyed Parsa Neshaei , Marta Knezevic , Tanya Nazaretsky , Tanja Käser

Collaboration is identified as a required and necessary skill for students to be successful in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). However, due to growing student population and limited teaching staff it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Anirudh Som , Sujeong Kim , Bladimir Lopez-Prado , Svati Dhamija , Nonye Alozie , Amir Tamrakar

Personalized chatbot-based teaching assistants can be crucial in addressing increasing classroom sizes, especially where direct teacher presence is limited. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue, with increasing research…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Harsh Kumar , Ilya Musabirov , Mohi Reza , Jiakai Shi , Xinyuan Wang , Joseph Jay Williams , Anastasia Kuzminykh , Michael Liut

We study the problem of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) with the added twist that the learner is assisted by a helpful teacher. More formally, we tackle the following algorithmic question: How could a teacher provide an informative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Rati Devidze , Volkan Cevher , Adish Singla

Large language models (LLMs) excel at answering questions but remain passive learners-absorbing static data without the ability to question and refine knowledge. This paper explores how LLMs can transition to interactive, question-driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aum Kendapadi , Kerem Zaman , Rakesh R. Menon , Shashank Srivastava