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Hierarchical panel data models have recently garnered significant attention. This study contributes to the relevant literature by introducing a novel three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical panel data model, which integrates panel regression…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-09-13 Guohua Feng , Jiti Gao , Fei Liu , Bin Peng

The use of graphical models to represent causal hypotheses has enabled revolutionary progress in the study of the foundations of quantum theory. Here we consider directed acyclic graphs each of which contains both nodes representing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Daniel Centeno , Elie Wolfe

Consider a logistic partially linear model, in which the logit of the mean of a binary response is related to a linear function of some covariates and a nonparametric function of other covariates. We derive simple, doubly robust estimators…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-29 Zhiqiang Tan

Discovering causal structures among latent factors from observed data is a particularly challenging problem. Despite some efforts for this problem, existing methods focus on the single-domain data only. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yan Zeng , Shohei Shimizu , Ruichu Cai , Feng Xie , Michio Yamamoto , Zhifeng Hao

It is the purpose of this article to outline a course that can be given to engineers looking for an understandable mathematical description of the foundations of distribution theory and the necessary functional analytic methods. Arguably,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-10-11 Hans G. Feichtinger , Mads S. Jakobsen

Decomposing a deep neural network's learned representations into interpretable features could greatly enhance its safety and reliability. To better understand features, we adopt a geometric perspective, viewing them as a learned coordinate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Aryeh Brill

Energy-based latent variable models (EBLVMs) are more expressive than conventional energy-based models. However, its potential on visual tasks are limited by its training process based on maximum likelihood estimate that requires sampling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Ge Kan , Jinhu Lü , Tian Wang , Baochang Zhang , Aichun Zhu , Lei Huang , Guodong Guo , Hichem Snoussi

Latent space models are powerful statistical tools for modeling and understanding network data. While the importance of accounting for uncertainty in network analysis has been well recognized, the current literature predominantly focuses on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Jinming Li , Shihao Wu , Chengyu Cui , Gongjun Xu , Ji Zhu

We characterize the generating function of bipartite planar maps counted according to the degree distribution of their black and white vertices. This result is applied to the solution of the hard particle and Ising models on random planar…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mireille Bousquet-Melou , Gilles Schaeffer

An important task in data analysis is the discovery of causal relationships between observed variables. For continuous-valued data, linear acyclic causal models are commonly used to model the data-generating process, and the inference of…

The recent proposal by Ben-Zvi, Sakellaridis and Venkatesh of a duality in the relative Langlands program, leads, via the process of quantization of Hamiltonian varieties, to a duality theory of branching problems. This often unexpectedly…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Wee Teck Gan , Bryan Wang Peng Jun

Latent variable models can be used to probabilistically "fill-in" missing data entries. The variational autoencoder architecture (Kingma and Welling, 2014; Rezende et al., 2014) includes a "recognition" or "encoder" network that infers the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Christopher K. I. Williams , Charlie Nash , Alfredo Nazábal

Estimating causal effects from nonexperimental data is a fundamental problem in many fields of science. A key component of this task is selecting an appropriate set of covariates for confounding adjustment to avoid bias. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zheng Li , Xichen Guo , Feng Xie , Yan Zeng , Hao Zhang , Zhi Geng

The increasing prevalence of multiplex networks has spurred a critical need to take into account potential dependencies across different layers, especially when the goal is community detection, which is a fundamental learning task in…

Applications · Statistics 2024-09-19 Zhumengmeng Jin , Juan Sosa , Shangchen Song , Brenda Betancourt

This study is concerned with the problem of partial state estimation for linear time-invariant (LTI) distributed state-space systems. A necessary and sufficient condition is established in terms of a simple rank criterion involving the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Juhi Jaiswal , Thomas Berger , Nutan Kumar Tomar

We discuss a bivariate beta distribution that can model arbitrary beta-distributed marginals with a positive correlation. The distribution is constructed from six independent gamma-distributed random variates. We show how the parameters of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-03 Susanne Trick , Frank Jäkel , Constantin A. Rothkopf

We devise an abstract, modular scheme to prove continuity of the Lyapunov exponents for a general class of linear cocycles. The main assumption is the availability of appropriate large deviation type (LDT) estimates which are uniform in the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-07-13 Pedro Duarte , Silvius Klein

We globally classify two-component evolution equations, with homogeneous diagonal linear part, admitting infinitely many approximate symmetries. Important ingredients are the symbolic calculus of Gel'fand and Dikii, the Skolem-Mahler-Lech…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2008-08-11 Peter H. van der Kamp

Latent variable models provide a powerful framework for incorporating and inferring unobserved factors in observational data. In causal inference, they help account for hidden factors influencing treatment or outcome, thereby addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Tetsuro Morimura , Tatsushi Oka , Yugo Suzuki , Daisuke Moriwaki

Understanding posterior contraction behavior in Bayesian hierarchical models is of fundamental importance, but progress in this question is relatively sparse in comparison to the theory of density estimation. In this paper, we study two…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-22 Dat Do , Sunrit Chakraborty , Jonathan Terhorst , XuanLong Nguyen