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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) perform well in community detection and molecule classification. Counterfactual Explanations (CE) provide counter-examples to overcome the transparency limitations of black-box models. Due to the growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Mario Alfonso Prado-Romero , Bardh Prenkaj , Giovanni Stilo , Fosca Giannotti

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance in various graph-related tasks. However, the black-box nature often limits their interpretability and trustworthiness. Numerous explainability methods have been proposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Jialin Chen , Kenza Amara , Junchi Yu , Rex Ying

This paper studies faithful explanations for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). First, we provide a new and general method for formally characterizing the faithfulness of explanations for GNNs. It applies to existing explanation methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Zifan Wang , Yuhang Yao , Chaoran Zhang , Han Zhang , Youjie Kang , Carlee Joe-Wong , Matt Fredrikson , Anupam Datta

As Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are increasingly being employed in critical real-world applications, several methods have been proposed in recent literature to explain the predictions of these models. However, there has been little to no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Chirag Agarwal , Marinka Zitnik , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for conducting inference on graph data but are often seen as "black boxes" due to difficulty in extracting meaningful subnetworks driving predictive performance. Many interpretable GNN methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-17 Whitney Sloneker , Shalin Patel , Michael Wang , Lorin Crawford , Ritambhara Singh

In recent years, the remarkable success of graph neural networks (GNNs) on graph-structured data has prompted a surge of methods for explaining GNN predictions. However, the state-of-the-art for GNN explainability remains in flux. Different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jesse He , Akbar Rafiey , Gal Mishne , Yusu Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful graph-based deep-learning models that have gained significant attention and demonstrated remarkable performance in various domains, including natural language processing, drug discovery, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Jaykumar Kakkad , Jaspal Jannu , Kartik Sharma , Charu Aggarwal , Sourav Medya

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become increasingly ubiquitous in numerous applications and systems, necessitating explanations of their predictions, especially when making critical decisions. However, explaining GNNs is challenging due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Tien-Cuong Bui , Van-Duc Le , Wen-syan Li , Sang Kyun Cha

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a powerful tool for machine learning on graphs.GNNs combine node feature information with the graph structure by recursively passing neural messages along edges of the input graph. However, incorporating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Rex Ying , Dylan Bourgeois , Jiaxuan You , Marinka Zitnik , Jure Leskovec

Enhancing the interpretability of graph neural networks (GNNs) is crucial to ensure their safe and fair deployment. Recent work has introduced self-explainable GNNs that generate explanations as part of training, improving both faithfulness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Fanzhen Liu , Xiaoxiao Ma , Jian Yang , Alsharif Abuadbba , Kristen Moore , Surya Nepal , Cecile Paris , Quan Z. Sheng , Jia Wu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance for link prediction. However, GNNs suffer from poor interpretability, which limits their adoptions in critical scenarios that require knowing why certain links are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Huaisheng Zhu , Dongsheng Luo , Xianfeng Tang , Junjie Xu , Hui Liu , Suhang Wang

Graphical models capture relations between entities in a wide range of applications including social networks, biology, and natural language processing, among others. Graph neural networks (GNN) are neural models that operate over graphs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Xu Zheng , Farhad Shirani , Tianchun Wang , Shouwei Gao , Wenqian Dong , Wei Cheng , Dongsheng Luo

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as the predominant approach for learning over graph-structured data. However, most GNNs operate as black-box models and require post-hoc explanations, which may not suffice in high-stakes scenarios…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Maya Bechler-Speicher , Amir Globerson , Ran Gilad-Bachrach

Uncovering rationales behind predictions of graph neural networks (GNNs) has received increasing attention over recent years. Instance-level GNN explanation aims to discover critical input elements, like nodes or edges, that the target GNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Tianxiang Zhao , Dongsheng Luo , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

To enhance the reliability and credibility of graph neural networks (GNNs) and improve the transparency of their decision logic, a new field of explainability of GNNs (XGNN) has emerged. However, two major limitations severely degrade the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Han Zhang , Yan Wang , Guanfeng Liu , Pengfei Ding , Huaxiong Wang , Kwok-Yan Lam

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are effective for node classification in graph-structured data, but they lack explainability, especially at the global level. Current research mainly utilizes subgraphs of the input as local explanations or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Dominik Köhler , Stefan Heindorf

Explaining the foundations for predictions obtained from graph neural networks (GNNs) is critical for credible use of GNN models for real-world problems. Owing to the rapid growth of GNN applications, recent progress in explaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Hyeoncheol Cho , Youngrock Oh , Eunjoo Jeon

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are neural models that leverage the dependency structure in graphical data via message passing among the graph nodes. GNNs have emerged as pivotal architectures in analyzing graph-structured data, and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xu Zheng , Farhad Shirani , Tianchun Wang , Wei Cheng , Zhuomin Chen , Haifeng Chen , Hua Wei , Dongsheng Luo

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful graph-based machine-learning models that are popular in various domains, e.g., social media, transportation, and drug discovery. However, owing to complex data representations, GNNs do not easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Pantea Habibi , Peyman Baghershahi , Sourav Medya , Debaleena Chattopadhyay

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a powerful tool for modeling and analyzing data with graph structures. The wide adoption in numerous applications underscores the value of these models. However, the complexity of these methods often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Tien Cuong Bui