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Photonic integrated circuits are finding use in a variety of applications including optical transceivers, LIDAR, bio-sensing, photonic quantum computing, and Machine Learning (ML). In particular, with the exponentially increasing sizes of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Farbin Fayza , Satyavolu Papa Rao , Darius Bunandar , Udit Gupta , Ajay Joshi

Over the years, the chip industry has consistently developed high-performance processors to address the increasing demands across diverse applications. However, the rapid expansion of chip production has significantly increased carbon…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jiajun Hu , Chetan Choppali Sudarshan , Vidya A. Chhabria , Aman Arora

The accelerating adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineering (SE) has brought with it a silent crisis: unsustainable computational cost. While these models demonstrate remarkable capabilities in different SE tasks, they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ajmain Inqiad Alam , Palash Roy , Chanchal K. Roy , Banani Roy , Kevin A. Schneider

Decades of progress in energy-efficient and low-power design have successfully reduced the operational carbon footprint in the semiconductor industry. However, this has led to an increase in embodied emissions, encompassing carbon emissions…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Chetan Choppali Sudarshan , Nikhil Matkar , Sarma Vrudhula , Sachin S. Sapatnekar , Vidya A. Chhabria

Embodied carbon footprint modeling has become an area of growing interest due to its significant contribution to carbon emissions in computing. However, the deterministic nature of the existing models fail to account for the spatial and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xuesi Chen , Leo Han , Anvita Bhagavathula , Udit Gupta

We propose a dedicated model to assist with the life cycle analysis of emissions of scientific computing centres. The model takes into account both the embodied carbon and emissions from use, as well as other factors such as data centre…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-10-03 Wim Vanderbauwhede , Mattias Wadenstein

Climate change concerns emphasize the need for sustainable computing. Modeling the carbon footprint (CFP), including operational and embodied CFP from semiconductor use, manufacture and design, is essential. Field programmable gate arrays…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Chetan Choppali Sudarshan , Aman Arora , Vidya A Chhabria

While researchers in both industry and academia are racing to build Quantum Computing (QC) platforms with viable performance and functionality, the environmental impacts of this endeavor, such as its carbon footprint, e-waste generation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-14 Nivedita Arora , Prem Kumar

The rapid growth in demand for HPC systems has led to a rise in carbon footprint, which requires urgent intervention. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of the carbon footprint of high-performance computing (HPC) systems,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Baolin Li , Rohan Basu Roy , Daniel Wang , Siddharth Samsi , Vijay Gadepally , Devesh Tiwari

Efficient use of energy is essential for today's supercomputing systems, as energy cost is generally a major component of their operational cost. Research into "green computing" is needed to reduce the environmental impact of running these…

Performance · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Stefano Corda , Bram Veenboer , Emma Tolley

Climate change is profoundly affecting nearly all aspects of life on earth, including human societies, economies and health. Various human activities are responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions, including data centres and other…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Loïc Lannelongue , Jason Grealey , Michael Inouye

Computing is at a moment of profound opportunity. Emerging applications -- such as capable artificial intelligence, immersive virtual realities, and pervasive sensor systems -- drive unprecedented demand for computer. Despite recent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Benjamin C. Lee , David Brooks , Arthur van Benthem , Udit Gupta , Gage Hills , Vincent Liu , Benjamin Pierce , Christopher Stewart , Emma Strubell , Gu-Yeon Wei , Adam Wierman , Yuan Yao , Minlan Yu

Green computing represents a critical pathway to decarbonize the digital economy while maintaining technological progress. This article examines how sustainable IT strategies including energy-efficient hardware, AI-optimized data centres,…

Specialized hardware accelerators aid the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), and their efficiency impacts AI's environmental sustainability. This study presents the first publication of a comprehensive AI accelerator…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Ian Schneider , Hui Xu , Stephan Benecke , David Patterson , Keguo Huang , Parthasarathy Ranganathan , Cooper Elsworth

Given recent algorithm, software, and hardware innovation, computing has enabled a plethora of new applications. As computing becomes increasingly ubiquitous, however, so does its environmental impact. This paper brings the issue to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Udit Gupta , Young Geun Kim , Sylvia Lee , Jordan Tse , Hsien-Hsin S. Lee , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

Growing global concerns about climate change highlight the need for environmentally sustainable computing. The ecological impact of computing, including operational and embodied, is a key consideration. Field Programmable Gate Arrays…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Chetan Choppali Sudarshan , Aman Arora , Vidya A. Chhabria

Much debate nowadays is devoted to the impacts of modern information and communication technology on global carbon emissions. Green information and communication technology is a paradigm creating a sustainable and environmentally friendly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Iztok Fister , Dušan Fister , Vili Podgorelec , Iztok Fister

Over the past decade, deep learning (DL) has led to significant advancements in various fields of artificial intelligence, including machine translation (MT). These advancements would not be possible without the ever-growing volumes of data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Dimitar Shterionov , Eva Vanmassenhove

Estimates of energy usage in layers of computing from devices to algorithms have been determined and analyzed. Building on the previous analysis [3], energy needed from single devices and systems including three large-scale computing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Sadasivan Shankar

Transistors made up of carbon nanotubes CNT have demonstrated excellent current-voltage characteristics which outperform some high-grade silicon-based transistors. A continuously tunable energy barrier across semiconductor interfaces is…

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