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The adoption of large language models (LLMs) as rerankers in multi-stage retrieval systems has gained significant traction in academia and industry. These models refine a candidate list of retrieved documents, often through carefully…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sahel Sharifymoghaddam , Ronak Pradeep , Andre Slavescu , Ryan Nguyen , Andrew Xu , Zijian Chen , Yilin Zhang , Yidi Chen , Jasper Xian , Jimmy Lin

This paper presents rerankers, a Python library which provides an easy-to-use interface to the most commonly used re-ranking approaches. Re-ranking is an integral component of many retrieval pipelines; however, there exist numerous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Benjamin Clavié

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) combines document retrieval with large language models to produce responses grounded in external evidence. While several R packages support core components of RAG workflows, integrated evaluation of RAG…

Computation · Statistics 2026-04-28 Muhammad Aimal Rehman , Zhili Lu , Chi-Kuang Yeh

With the advent of large language models (LLMs) and multimodal large language models (MLLMs), the potential of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has attracted considerable research attention. Various novel algorithms and models have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jiajie Jin , Yutao Zhu , Guanting Dong , Yuyao Zhang , Xinyu Yang , Chenghao Zhang , Tong Zhao , Zhao Yang , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. However, LLMs still encounter challenges in effectively utilizing the knowledge from retrieved documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mingyan Wu , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Xinze Li , Shi Yu , Zheni Zeng , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems remains a challenging task: existing metrics often collapse heterogeneous behaviors into single scores and provide little insight into whether errors arise from retrieval,reasoning, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Keerthana Murugaraj , Salima Lamsiyah , Martin Theobald

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines have become the de-facto approach for building AI assistants with access to external, domain-specific knowledge. Given a user query, RAG pipelines typically first retrieve (R) relevant…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Quentin Romero Lauro , Shreya Shankar , Sepanta Zeighami , Aditya Parameswaran

Evaluating the quality of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and document reranking systems remains challenging due to the lack of scalable, user-centric, and multi-perspective evaluation tools. We introduce RankArena, a unified platform…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Mahmoud Abdalla , Bhawna Piryani , Jamshid Mozafari , Mohammed Ali , Adam Jatowt

Retrieval models are key components of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, which generate search queries, process the documents returned, and generate a response. RAG systems are often dynamic and may involve multiple rounds of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Eugene Yang , Andrew Yates , Dawn Lawrie , James Mayfield , Trevor Adriaanse

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) combines knowledge from domain-specific sources into large language models to ground answer generation. Current RAG systems lack customizable visibility on the context documents and the model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Tevin Wang , Jingyuan He , Chenyan Xiong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, where the LLM's ability to generate responses based on the combination of a given query and retrieved documents is crucial.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zhehao Tan , Yihan Jiao , Dan Yang , Lei Liu , Jie Feng , Duolin Sun , Yue Shen , Jian Wang , Peng Wei , Jinjie Gu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a standard architectural pattern for incorporating domain-specific knowledge into user-facing chat applications powered by Large Language Models (LLMs). RAG systems are characterized by (1) a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Robert Friel , Masha Belyi , Atindriyo Sanyal

Large language models have achieved remarkable success on general NLP tasks, but they may fall short for domain-specific problems. Recently, various Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (RALLMs) are proposed to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Shangqing Tu , Yuanchun Wang , Jifan Yu , Yuyang Xie , Yaran Shi , Xiaozhi Wang , Jing Zhang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have emerged as a promising solution to enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge retrieval with generative capabilities. While significant advancements have been…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Sizhe Cheng , Jiaping Li , Huanchen Wang , Yuxin Ma

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) struggles on long, structured financial filings where relevant evidence is sparse and cross-referenced. This paper presents a systematic investigation of advanced metadata-driven Retrieval-Augmented…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Michail Dadopoulos , Anestis Ladas , Stratos Moschidis , Ioannis Negkakis

In the RAG paradigm, the information retrieval module provides context for generators by retrieving and ranking multiple documents to support the aggregation of evidence. However, existing ranking models are primarily optimized for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yongqi Fan , Yuxiang Chu , Zhentao Xia , Xiaoyang Chen , Jie Liu , Haijin Liang , Jin Ma , Ben He , Yingfei Sun , Dezhi Ye , Tong Ruan

We present QueryGym, a lightweight, extensible Python toolkit that supports large language model (LLM)-based query reformulation. This is an important tool development since recent work on llm-based query reformulation has shown notable…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Amin Bigdeli , Radin Hamidi Rad , Mert Incesu , Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A. Clarke , Ebrahim Bagheri

Despite notable advancements in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems that expand large language model (LLM) capabilities through external retrieval, these systems often struggle to meet the complex and diverse needs of real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jinyu Wang , Jingjing Fu , Rui Wang , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique used to augment Large Language Models (LLMs) with contextually relevant, time-critical, or domain-specific information without altering the underlying model parameters. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Laurent Mombaerts , Terry Ding , Adi Banerjee , Florian Felice , Jonathan Taws , Tarik Borogovac

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly enhances the performance of large language models (LLMs) in downstream tasks by integrating external knowledge. To facilitate researchers in deploying RAG systems, various RAG toolkits have…

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