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Machine learning has witnessed tremendous growth in its adoption and advancement in the last decade. The evolution of machine learning from traditional algorithms to modern deep learning architectures has shaped the way today's technology…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam

Deep learning (DL) has been widely studied for assisting applications of modern wireless communications. One of the applications is automatic modulation classification (AMC). However, DL models are found to be vulnerable to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Younes Salmi , Hanna Bogucka

Backdoor attacks on deep neural networks have emerged as significant security threats, especially as DNNs are increasingly deployed in security-critical applications. However, most existing works assume that the attacker has access to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Jiahao Wang , Xianglong Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng , Pengfei Hu , Guoming Zhang

Despite their growing adoption across domains, large language model (LLM)-powered agents face significant security risks from backdoor attacks during training and fine-tuning. These compromised agents can subsequently be manipulated to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Li Changjiang , Liang Jiacheng , Cao Bochuan , Chen Jinghui , Wang Ting

Speaker verification has been widely and successfully adopted in many mission-critical areas for user identification. The training of speaker verification requires a large amount of data, therefore users usually need to adopt third-party…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Tongqing Zhai , Yiming Li , Ziqi Zhang , Baoyuan Wu , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

Malware still constitutes a major threat in the cybersecurity landscape, also due to the widespread use of infection vectors such as documents. These infection vectors hide embedded malicious code to the victim users, facilitating the use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Davide Maiorca , Battista Biggio , Giorgio Giacinto

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to the secure deployment of large language models (LLMs), enabling adversaries to implant hidden behaviors triggered by specific inputs. However, existing methods often rely on manually crafted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yige Li , Zhe Li , Wei Zhao , Nay Myat Min , Hanxun Huang , Xingjun Ma , Jun Sun

Third-party resources ($e.g.$, samples, backbones, and pre-trained models) are usually involved in the training of deep neural networks (DNNs), which brings backdoor attacks as a new training-phase threat. In general, backdoor attackers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Yiming Li , Mengxi Ya , Yang Bai , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

In a backdoor attack, an adversary inserts maliciously constructed backdoor examples into a training set to make the resulting model vulnerable to manipulation. Defending against such attacks typically involves viewing these inserted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Alaa Khaddaj , Guillaume Leclerc , Aleksandar Makelov , Kristian Georgiev , Hadi Salman , Andrew Ilyas , Aleksander Madry

Providing security for information is highly critical in the current era with devices enabled with smart technology, where assuming a day without the internet is highly impossible. Fast internet at a cheaper price, not only made…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Sharmila S P , Aruna Tiwari , Narendra S Chaudhari

Malware constitutes a major global risk affecting millions of users each year. Standard algorithms in detection systems perform insufficiently when dealing with malware passed through obfuscation tools. We illustrate this studying in detail…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Alberto Redondo , David Rios Insua

Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) are pre-trained on diverse source domains and adapted to unseen targets, enabling broad generalization for graph machine learning. Despite that GFMs have attracted considerable attention recently, their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jiayi Luo , Qingyun Sun , Lingjuan Lyu , Ziwei Zhang , Haonan Yuan , Xingcheng Fu , Jianxin Li

Backdoor attacks insert malicious data into a training set so that, during inference time, it misclassifies inputs that have been patched with a backdoor trigger as the malware specified label. For backdoor attacks to bypass human…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Yi Zeng , Minzhou Pan , Hoang Anh Just , Lingjuan Lyu , Meikang Qiu , Ruoxi Jia

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to neural networks, enabling adversaries to manipulate model outputs on specific inputs, often with devastating consequences, especially in critical applications. While backdoor attacks have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zhen Guo , Abhinav Kumar , Reza Tourani

Malware classifiers are subject to training-time exploitation due to the need to regularly retrain using samples collected from the wild. Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of backdoor attacks against malware classifiers, and yet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Limin Yang , Zhi Chen , Jacopo Cortellazzi , Feargus Pendlebury , Kevin Tu , Fabio Pierazzi , Lorenzo Cavallaro , Gang Wang

Signature-based malware detectors have proven to be insufficient as even a small change in malignant executable code can bypass these signature-based detectors. Many machine learning-based models have been proposed to efficiently detect a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yash Jakhotiya , Heramb Patil , Jugal Rawlani , Sunil B. Mane

Backdoor attacks (BA) are an emerging threat to deep neural network classifiers. A classifier being attacked will predict to the attacker's target class when a test sample from a source class is embedded with the backdoor pattern (BP).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Zhen Xiang , David J. Miller , Siheng Chen , Xi Li , George Kesidis

Training pipelines for machine learning (ML) based malware classification often rely on crowdsourced threat feeds, exposing a natural attack injection point. In this paper, we study the susceptibility of feature-based ML malware classifiers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Giorgio Severi , Jim Meyer , Scott Coull , Alina Oprea

Increasingly, malwares are becoming complex and they are spreading on networks targeting different infrastructures and personal-end devices to collect, modify, and destroy victim information. Malware behaviors are polymorphic, metamorphic,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Lionel Nganyewou Tidjon , Foutse Khomh

Backdoor attacks embed malicious behaviors into Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling adversaries to trigger harmful outputs or bypass safety controls. However, the persistence of the implanted backdoors under user-driven post-deployment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Jing Cui , Yufei Han , Jianbin Jiao , Junge Zhang