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We study the setting of \emph{performative reinforcement learning} where the deployed policy affects both the reward, and the transition of the underlying Markov decision process. Prior work~\parencite{MTR23} has addressed this problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Debmalya Mandal , Goran Radanovic

Inference-time alignment methods have gained significant attention for their efficiency and effectiveness in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, existing dominant approaches using reward-guided search…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Bin Xie , Bingbing Xu , Yige Yuan , Shengmao Zhu , Huawei Shen

We study conditional risk minimization (CRM), i.e. the problem of learning a hypothesis of minimal risk for prediction at the next step of sequentially arriving dependent data. Despite it being a fundamental problem, successful learning in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-06 Alexander Zimin , Christoph Lampert

Preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for teaching robots complex behaviors without reward engineering. However, its effectiveness is often limited by two critical challenges: the reliance on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ruiqi Wang , Dezhong Zhao , Ziqin Yuan , Tianyu Shao , Guohua Chen , Dominic Kao , Sungeun Hong , Byung-Cheol Min

We introduce a novel combination of Bayesian Models (BMs) and Neural Networks (NNs) for making predictions with a minimum expected risk. Our approach combines the best of both worlds, the data efficiency and interpretability of a BM with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Mathias Löwe , Per Lunnemann Hansen , Sebastian Risi

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated that Process Reward Models (PRMs) play a crucial role in enhancing model performance. However, training PRMs typically requires step-level labels, either manually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Lin Sun , Chuang Liu , Xiaofeng Ma , Tao Yang , Weijia Lu , Ning Wu

The partial monitoring (PM) framework provides a theoretical formulation of sequential learning problems with incomplete feedback. On each round, a learning agent plays an action while the environment simultaneously chooses an outcome. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Maxime Heuillet , Ola Ahmad , Audrey Durand

Time-series forecasting is a critical challenge in various domains and has witnessed substantial progress in recent years. Many real-life scenarios, such as public health, economics, and social applications, involve feedback loops where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zhiyuan Zhao , Haoxin Liu , Alexander Rodriguez , B. Aditya Prakash

Most machine learning models operate under the assumption that the training, testing and deployment data is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). This assumption doesn't generally hold true in a natural setting. Usually, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Kumud Lakara , Akshat Bhandari , Pratinav Seth , Ujjwal Verma

Quantifying the influence of infinitesimal changes in training data on model performance is crucial for understanding and improving machine learning models. In this work, we reformulate this problem as a weighted empirical risk minimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Omri Lev , Ashia C. Wilson

In this paper a first attempt at deriving an improved performance measure for language models, the probability ratio measure (PRM) is described. In a proof of concept experiment, it is shown that PRM correlates better with recognition…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joerg P. Ueberla

Reward machines (RMs) provide a structured way to specify non-Markovian rewards in reinforcement learning (RL), thereby improving both expressiveness and programmability. Viewed more broadly, they separate what is known about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Daniel Ajeleye , Ashutosh Trivedi , Majid Zamani

We propose a new \emph{Transformed Risk Minimization} (TRM) framework as an extension of classical risk minimization. In TRM, we optimize not only over predictive models, but also over data transformations; specifically over distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Evangelos Chatzipantazis , Stefanos Pertigkiozoglou , Kostas Daniilidis , Edgar Dobriban

Study samples often differ from the target populations of inference and policy decisions in non-random ways. Researchers typically believe that such departures from random sampling -- due to changes in the population over time and space, or…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-20 Tamara Broderick , Ryan Giordano , Rachael Meager

With the widespread deployment of deep learning models, they influence their environment in various ways. The induced distribution shifts can lead to unexpected performance degradation in deployed models. Existing methods to anticipate…

Predictive mean matching (PMM) is a popular imputation strategy that imputes missing values by borrowing observed values from other cases with similar expectations. We show that, unlike other imputation strategies, PMM is not guaranteed to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-01 Paul T. von Hippel

Autonomous vehicles should be able to generate accurate probabilistic predictions for uncertain behavior of other road users. Moreover, reactive predictions are necessary in highly interactive driving scenarios to answer "what if I take…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Wei Zhan , Liting Sun , Yeping Hu , Jiachen Li , Masayoshi Tomizuka

We introduce Random Reward Perturbation (RRP), a novel exploration strategy for reinforcement learning (RL). Our theoretical analyses demonstrate that adding zero-mean noise to environmental rewards effectively enhances policy diversity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Haozhe Ma , Guoji Fu , Zhengding Luo , Jiele Wu , Tze-Yun Leong

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have emerged as a promising technique in generative modeling. The success of DPMs relies on two ingredients: time reversal of diffusion processes and score matching. In view of possibly unguaranteed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Wenpin Tang , Hanyang Zhao

Probabilistic programming has emerged as a powerful paradigm in statistics, applied science, and machine learning: by decoupling modelling from inference, it promises to allow modellers to directly reason about the processes generating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-10 Maria I. Gorinova , Dave Moore , Matthew D. Hoffman