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Learning efficiently a causal model of the environment is a key challenge of model-based RL agents operating in POMDPs. We consider here a scenario where the learning agent has the ability to collect online experiences through direct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Maxime Gasse , Damien Grasset , Guillaume Gaudron , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Preference based Reinforcement Learning (PbRL) removes the need to hand specify a reward function by learning a reward from preference feedback over policy behaviors. Current approaches to PbRL do not address the credit assignment problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Mudit Verma , Katherine Metcalf

Causal representation learning (CRL) enhances machine learning models' robustness and generalizability by learning structural causal models associated with data-generating processes. We focus on a family of CRL methods that uses contrastive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Xiusi Li , Sékou-Oumar Kaba , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

Offline preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) mitigates the need for reward definition, aligning with human preferences via preference-driven reward feedback without interacting with the environment. However, trajectory-wise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Teng Pang , Bingzheng Wang , Guoqiang Wu , Yilong Yin

Interactive Recommendation (IR) has gained significant attention recently for its capability to quickly capture dynamic interest and optimize both short and long term objectives. IR agents are typically implemented through Deep…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jingyu Li , Zhiyong Feng , Dongxiao He , Hongqi Chen , Qinghang Gao , Guoli Wu

Although deep reinforcement learning (RL) has recently enjoyed many successes, its methods are still data inefficient, which makes solving numerous problems prohibitively expensive in terms of data. We aim to remedy this by taking advantage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Hlynur Davíð Hlynsson

The paradigm of decision-making has been revolutionised by reinforcement learning and deep learning. Although this has led to significant progress in domains such as robotics, healthcare, and finance, the use of RL in practice is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Daqian Shao

Reward shaping is critical in reinforcement learning (RL), particularly for complex tasks where sparse rewards can hinder learning. However, choosing effective shaping rewards from a set of reward functions in a computationally efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Chen Bo Calvin Zhang , Zhang-Wei Hong , Aldo Pacchiano , Pulkit Agrawal

The prevailing graph neural network models have achieved significant progress in graph representation learning. However, in this paper, we uncover an ever-overlooked phenomenon: the pre-trained graph representation learning model tested…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Hang Gao , Jiangmeng Li , Wenwen Qiang , Lingyu Si , Bing Xu , Changwen Zheng , Fuchun Sun

Conversational recommendation system (CRS) is able to obtain fine-grained and dynamic user preferences based on interactive dialogue. Previous CRS assumes that the user has a clear target item. However, for many users who resort to CRS,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Yiming Zhang , Lingfei Wu , Qi Shen , Yitong Pang , Zhihua Wei , Fangli Xu , Bo Long , Jian Pei

With the aid of large language models, current conversational recommender system (CRS) has gaining strong abilities to persuade users to accept recommended items. While these CRSs are highly persuasive, they can mislead users by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Peixin Qin , Chen Huang , Yang Deng , Wenqiang Lei , Tat-Seng Chua

Mastering deep reinforcement learning (DRL) proves challenging in tasks featuring scant rewards. These limited rewards merely signify whether the task is partially or entirely accomplished, necessitating various exploration actions before…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Guojian Wang , Faguo Wu , Xiao Zhang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to infer sequential decision policies using only offline datasets. This is a particularly difficult setup, especially when learning to achieve multiple different goals or outcomes under a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Mianchu Wang , Yue Jin , Giovanni Montana

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms struggle with learning optimal policies for tasks where reward feedback is sparse and depends on a complex sequence of events in the environment. Probabilistic reward machines (PRMs) are finite-state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jan Corazza , Hadi Partovi Aria , Daniel Neider , Zhe Xu

Causal reasoning can be considered a cornerstone of intelligent systems. Having access to an underlying causal graph comes with the promise of cause-effect estimation and the identification of efficient and safe interventions. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Amir Mohammad Karimi Mamaghan , Andrea Dittadi , Stefan Bauer , Karl Henrik Johansson , Francesco Quinzan

Medical treatments often involve a sequence of decisions, each informed by previous outcomes. This process closely aligns with reinforcement learning (RL), a framework for optimizing sequential decisions to maximize cumulative rewards under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ali Shirali , Alexander Schubert , Ahmed Alaa

Reinforcement Learning (RL) bears the promise of being a game-changer in many applications. However, since most of the literature in the field is currently focused on opaque models, the use of RL in high-stakes scenarios, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Leonardo Lucio Custode , Giovanni Iacca

Why does a phenomenon occur? Addressing this question is central to most scientific inquiries and often relies on simulations of scientific models. As models become more intricate, deciphering the causes behind phenomena in high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-04 Armin Kekić , Bernhard Schölkopf , Michel Besserve

Reward function is essential in reinforcement learning (RL), serving as the guiding signal to incentivize agents to solve given tasks, however, is also notoriously difficult to design. In many cases, only imperfect rewards are available,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Jianxiong Li , Xiao Hu , Haoran Xu , Jingjing Liu , Xianyuan Zhan , Qing-Shan Jia , Ya-Qin Zhang

This paper addresses intervention-based causal representation learning (CRL) under a general nonparametric latent causal model and an unknown transformation that maps the latent variables to the observed variables. Linear and general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Burak Varıcı , Emre Acartürk , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Abhishek Kumar , Ali Tajer