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We consider the problem of inference in discrete probabilistic models, that is, distributions over subsets of a finite ground set. These encompass a range of well-known models in machine learning, such as determinantal point processes and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Alkis Gotovos , Hamed Hassani , Andreas Krause , Stefanie Jegelka

Diffusion models can generate a variety of high-quality images by modeling complex data distributions. Trained diffusion models can also be very effective image priors for solving inverse problems. Most of the existing diffusion-based…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-01 Nebiyou Yismaw , Ulugbek S. Kamilov , M. Salman Asif

Diffusion models perform remarkably well on high-dimensional data such as images, often using only a modest number of reverse-time steps. Despite this practical success, existing convergence theory does not fully explain why such samplers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ahmad Aghapour , Erhan Bayraktar

Diffusion-based classifiers such as those relying on the Personalized PageRank and the Heat kernel, enjoy remarkable classification accuracy at modest computational requirements. Their performance however is affected by the extent to which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-20 Dimitris Berberidis , Athanasios N. Nikolakopoulos , Georgios B. Giannakis

Diffusion models have recently shown great promise for generative modeling, outperforming GANs on perceptual quality and autoregressive models at density estimation. A remaining downside is their slow sampling time: generating high quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Tim Salimans , Jonathan Ho

Diffusion-based generative models are machine learning models that use diffusion processes to learn the probability distribution of high-dimensional data. In recent years, they have become extremely successful in generating multimedia…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-12 Stefano Bae , Enzo Marinari , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi

Score-based diffusion models have achieved remarkable empirical success in generating high-quality samples from target data distributions. Among them, the Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) is one of the most widely used…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-16 Yuchen Jiao , Yuchen Zhou , Gen Li

Diffusion processes are a class of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) providing a rich family of expressive models that arise naturally in dynamic modelling tasks. Probabilistic inference and learning under generative models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Prakhar Verma , Vincent Adam , Arno Solin

Score-based diffusion models have demonstrated outstanding empirical performance in machine learning and artificial intelligence, particularly in generating high-quality new samples from complex probability distributions. Improving the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-30 Yuchen Jiao , Gen Li

Building on recent advances in image generation, we present a fully data-driven approach to rendering markup into images. The approach is based on diffusion models, which parameterize the distribution of data using a sequence of denoising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yuntian Deng , Noriyuki Kojima , Alexander M. Rush

Although diffusion models now occupy a central place in generative modeling, introductory treatments commonly assume Euclidean data and seldom clarify their connection to discrete-state analogues. This article is a self-contained primer on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-05 Vincent Pauline , Tobias Höppe , Kirill Neklyudov , Alexander Tong , Stefan Bauer , Andrea Dittadi

Uniform-state discrete diffusion models excel at few-step generation and guidance due to their ability to self-correct, making them preferred over autoregressive or Masked diffusion models in these settings. However, their sampling quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre , Subham Sekhar Sahoo

Diffusions are a successful technique to sample from high-dimensional distributions. The target distribution can be either explicitly given or learnt from a collection of samples. They implement a diffusion process whose endpoint is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Andrea Montanari

We define two algorithms for propagating information in classification problems with pairwise relationships. The algorithms are based on contraction maps and are related to non-linear diffusion and random walks on graphs. The approach is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Pedro F. Felzenszwalb , Benar F. Svaiter

Diffusion generative models have recently been applied to domains where the available data can be seen as a discretization of an underlying function, such as audio signals or time series. However, these models operate directly on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Gavin Kerrigan , Justin Ley , Padhraic Smyth

Diffusion models and flow-matching models have enabled generating diverse and realistic images by learning to transfer noise to data. However, sampling from these models involves iterative denoising over many neural network passes, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kevin Frans , Danijar Hafner , Sergey Levine , Pieter Abbeel

Diffusion models generate samples by denoising along the score of a perturbed target distribution. In practice, one trains a neural diffusion model, which is computationally expensive. Recent work suggests that score matching implicitly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-15 Zhenyu Yao , Daniel Paulin

A popular approach to sample a diffusion-based generative model is to solve an ordinary differential equation (ODE). In existing samplers, the coefficients of the ODE solvers are pre-determined by the ODE formulation, the reverse discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Guoqiang Zhang , Niwa Kenta , W. Bastiaan Kleijn

The maximum entropy principle is a powerful tool for solving underdetermined inverse problems. This paper considers the problem of discretizing a continuous distribution, which arises in various applied fields. We obtain the approximating…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-05 Ken'ichiro Tanaka , Alexis Akira Toda

Diffusion probabilistic models have generated high quality image synthesis recently. However, one pain point is the notorious inference to gradually obtain clear images with thousands of steps, which is time consuming compared to other…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Gang Chen