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Related papers: Sampling models for selective inference

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Inspired by sample splitting and the reusable holdout introduced in the field of differential privacy, we consider selective inference with a randomized response. We discuss two major advantages of using a randomized response for model…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-12-01 Xiaoying Tian , Jonathan E. Taylor

Additive models enjoy the flexibility of nonlinear models while still being readily understandable to humans. By contrast, other nonlinear models, which involve interactions between features, are not only harder to fit but also…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-03 Yiling Huang , Snigdha Panigrahi , Guo Yu , Jacob Bien

We analyze selected iterated conditionals in the framework of conditional random quantities. We point out that it is instructive to examine Lewis's triviality result, which shows the conditions a conditional must satisfy for its probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-17 Giuseppe Sanfilippo , Angelo Gilio , David Over , Niki Pfeifer

In the era of big data, analysts usually explore various statistical models or machine learning methods for observed data in order to facilitate scientific discoveries or gain predictive power. Whatever data and fitting procedures are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-24 Jie Ding , Vahid Tarokh , Yuhong Yang

In this paper we look at popular fairness methods that use causal counterfactuals. These methods capture the intuitive notion that a prediction is fair if it coincides with the prediction that would have been made if someone's race, gender…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-12 Jake Fawkes , Robin Evans , Dino Sejdinovic

Reward modelling from preference data is a crucial step in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, requiring robust generalisation to novel prompt-response pairs. In this work, we propose to frame this problem in a causal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Katarzyna Kobalczyk , Mihaela van der Schaar

Given a set of several inputs into a system (e.g., independent variables characterizing stimuli) and a set of several stochastically non-independent outputs (e.g., random variables describing different aspects of responses), how can one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-08-30 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala

Much of scientific data is collected as randomized experiments intervening on some and observing other variables of interest. Quite often, a given phenomenon is investigated in several studies, and different sets of variables are involved…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-10-19 Antti Hyttinen , Frederick Eberhardt , Patrik O. Hoyer

Recent work has unveiled a theory for reasoning about the decisions made by binary classifiers: a classifier describes a Boolean function, and the reasons behind an instance being classified as positive are the prime-implicants of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Niku Gorji , Sasha Rubin

We develop a general approach to valid inference after model selection. At the core of our framework is a result that characterizes the distribution of a post-selection estimator conditioned on the selection event. We specialize the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-04 Jason D. Lee , Dennis L. Sun , Yuekai Sun , Jonathan E. Taylor

In practical data analysis under noisy environment, it is common to first use robust methods to identify outliers, and then to conduct further analysis after removing the outliers. In this paper, we consider statistical inference of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-04 Toshiaki Tsukurimichi , Yu Inatsu , Vo Nguyen Le Duy , Ichiro Takeuchi

Consider a predictor who ranks eventualities on the basis of past cases: for instance a search engine ranking webpages given past searches. Resampling past cases leads to different rankings and the extraction of deeper information. Yet a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-03-04 Patrick H. O'Callaghan

Statistical modeling can involve a tension between assumptions and statistical identification. The law of the observable data may not uniquely determine the value of a target parameter without invoking a key assumption, and, while…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-06 Paul Gustafson

Causal inference is crucial for understanding the true impact of interventions, policies, or actions, enabling informed decision-making and providing insights into the underlying mechanisms that shape our world. In this paper, we establish…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-26 Jingyue Huang , Changbao Wu , Leilei Zeng

Adaptive experiments use preliminary analyses of the data to inform further course of action and are commonly used in many disciplines including medical and social sciences. Because the null hypothesis and experimental design are…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Tobias Freidling , Qingyuan Zhao , Zijun Gao

Most traditional models of uncertainty have focused on the associational relationship among variables as captured by conditional dependence. In order to successfully manage intelligent systems for decision making, however, we must be able…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-19 David Heckerman , Ross D. Shachter

Recommender systems have become crucial in information filtering nowadays. Existing recommender systems extract user preferences based on the correlation in data, such as behavioral correlation in collaborative filtering, feature-feature,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Chen Gao , Yu Zheng , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Yong Li

Despite the excelling performance of machine learning models, understanding their decisions remains a long-standing goal. Although commonly used attribution methods from explainable AI attempt to address this issue, they typically rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Juan Miguel Lopez Alcaraz , Nils Strodthoff

Machine Learning explainability techniques have been proposed as a means of `explaining' or interrogating a model in order to understand why a particular decision or prediction has been made. Such an ability is especially important at a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-28 Matthew J. Vowels

Recent decades have seen an interest in prediction problems for which Bayesian methodology has been used ubiquitously. Sampling from or approximating the posterior predictive distribution in a Bayesian model allows one to make inferential…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-12 Giri Gopalan