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Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a powerful paradigm to align language models with human preferences using pairwise comparisons. However, its binary win-or-loss supervision often proves insufficient for training small models with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Minchan Kwon , Junwon Ko , Kangil Kim , Junmo Kim

Preference optimization has become a central paradigm for aligning large language models with human feedback. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) simplifies reinforcement learning from human feedback by directly optimizing pairwise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Inoussa Mouiche

Post-training alignment of diffusion models relies on simplified signals, such as scalar rewards or binary preferences. This limits alignment with complex human expertise, which is hierarchical and fine-grained. To address this, we first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Chenye Meng , Zejian Li , Zhongni Liu , Yize Li , Changle Xie , Kaixin Jia , Ling Yang , Huanghuang Deng , Shiying Ding , Shengyuan Zhang , Jiayi Li , Lingyun Sun

Text-to-video (T2V) generation has achieved remarkable progress in producing high-quality videos aligned with textual prompts. However, aligning synthesized videos with nuanced human preference remains challenging due to the subjective and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Qiushi Yang , Yingjie Chen , Yuan Yao , Yifang Men , Huaizhuo Liu , Miaomiao Cui

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has become a popular approach for aligning language models using pairwise preferences. However, in practical post-training pipelines, on-policy generation typically yields multiple candidate responses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Taneesh Gupta , Rahul Madhavan , Xuchao Zhang , Nagarajan Natarajan , Chetan Bansal , Saravan Rajmohan

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) enables stable and preference-oriented updates via group-wise comparisons for post-training video generation. However, GRPO directly optimizes reward-induced advantages. Under sustained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Rui Li , Yuanzhi Liang , Ziqi Ni , Haibing Huang , Chi Zhang , Xuelong Li

Text-to-video (T2V) generation aims to synthesize videos with high visual quality and temporal consistency that are semantically aligned with input text. Reward-based post-training has emerged as a promising direction to improve the quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Minh-Quan Le , Gaurav Mittal , Cheng Zhao , David Gu , Dimitris Samaras , Mei Chen

Preference Optimization (PO) techniques are currently one of the state of the art techniques for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on pairwise preference feedback from human annotators. However, in machine translation, this sort of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Nathaniel Berger , Miriam Exel , Matthias Huck , Stefan Riezler

Large language models have been widely adopted in natural language processing, yet they face the challenge of generating unreliable content. Recent works aim to reduce misinformation and hallucinations by resorting to attribution as a means…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Dongfang Li , Zetian Sun , Baotian Hu , Zhenyu Liu , Xinshuo Hu , Xuebo Liu , Min Zhang

Generating visually appealing images is fundamental to modern text-to-image generation models. A potential solution to better aesthetics is direct preference optimization (DPO), which has been applied to diffusion models to improve general…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zhanhao Liang , Yuhui Yuan , Shuyang Gu , Bohan Chen , Tiankai Hang , Mingxi Cheng , Ji Li , Liang Zheng

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable success in various visual generation tasks, including image, video, and 3D content generation. Preference optimization (PO) is a prominent and growing area of research that aims to align these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Fu-Yun Wang , Keqiang Sun , Yao Teng , Xihui Liu , Jiale Yuan , Jiaming Song , Hongsheng Li

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has been widely used for aligning language models with human preferences in a supervised manner. However, several key questions remain unresolved: the rationale behind its log-ratio reward, how the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yunjae Won , Hyunji Lee , Hyeonbin Hwang , Minjoon Seo

The class of direct preference optimization (DPO) algorithms has emerged as a promising approach for solving the alignment problem in foundation models. These algorithms work with very limited feedback in the form of pairwise preferences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Luca Viano , Ruida Zhou , Yifan Sun , Mahdi Namazifar , Volkan Cevher , Shoham Sabach , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

Direct Alignment Algorithms (DAAs), such as Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO) and Identity Preference Optimisation (IPO), have emerged as alternatives to online Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) algorithms such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zhengyan Shi , Sander Land , Acyr Locatelli , Matthieu Geist , Max Bartolo

Human preference alignment presents a critical yet underexplored challenge for diffusion models in text-to-3D generation. Existing solutions typically require task-specific fine-tuning, posing significant hurdles in data-scarce 3D domains.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaqi Leng , Shuyuan Tu , Haidong Cao , Sicheng Xie , Daoguo Dong , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Recent great advances in video generation models have demonstrated their potential to produce high-quality videos, bringing challenges to effective evaluation. Unlike human evaluation, existing automated evaluation metrics lack highlevel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zhun Mou , Bin Xia , Zhengchao Huang , Wenming Yang , Jiaya Jia

Large-scale flow matching models have achieved strong performance across generative tasks such as text-to-image, video, 3D, and speech synthesis. However, aligning their outputs with human preferences and task-specific objectives remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zexiang Liu , Xianglong He , Yangguang Li

Recent advancements in video generation have significantly improved the ability to synthesize videos from text instructions. However, existing models still struggle with key challenges such as instruction misalignment, content…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Haibo Tong , Zhaoyang Wang , Zhaorun Chen , Haonian Ji , Shi Qiu , Siwei Han , Kexin Geng , Zhongkai Xue , Yiyang Zhou , Peng Xia , Mingyu Ding , Rafael Rafailov , Chelsea Finn , Huaxiu Yao

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but their performance is heavily reliant on effective prompt engineering. Automatic prompt optimization (APO) methods are designed to automate this and can be broadly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Xingchen Wan , Ruoxi Sun , Hootan Nakhost , Sercan O. Arik

Recent advances in audio-based generative language models have accelerated AI-driven lyric-to-song generation. However, these models frequently suffer from content hallucination, producing outputs misaligned with the input lyrics and…