English
Related papers

Related papers: Robust and Secure Code Watermarking for Large Lang…

200 papers

Model watermarking utilizes internal representations to protect the ownership of large language models (LLMs). However, these features inevitably undergo complex distortions during realistic model modifications such as fine-tuning,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zikang Ding , Junhao Li , Suling Wu , Junchi Yao , Hongbo Liu , Lijie Hu

Reasoning Large Language Models (RLLMs) excelling in complex tasks present unique challenges for digital watermarking, as existing methods often disrupt logical coherence or incur high computational costs. Token-based watermarking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Shuliang Liu , Xingyu Li , Hongyi Liu , Dong Fang , Yibo Yan , Bingchen Duan , Qi Zheng , Lingfeng Su , Xuming Hu

As open-source large language models (LLMs) like Llama3 become more capable, it is crucial to develop watermarking techniques to detect their potential misuse. Existing watermarking methods either add watermarks during LLM inference, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yijie Xu , Aiwei Liu , Xuming Hu , Lijie Wen , Hui Xiong

Text watermarking for Large Language Models (LLMs) has made significant progress in detecting LLM outputs and preventing misuse. Current watermarking techniques offer high detectability, minimal impact on text quality, and robustness to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Aiwei Liu , Sheng Guan , Yiming Liu , Leyi Pan , Yifei Zhang , Liancheng Fang , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu , Xuming Hu

Protecting the Intellectual Property rights of DNN models is of primary importance prior to their deployment. So far, the proposed methods either necessitate changes to internal model parameters or the machine learning pipeline, or they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Kassem Kallas , Teddy Furon

Large language model (LLM) watermarking has emerged as a promising approach for detecting and attributing AI-generated text, yet its robustness to black-box spoofing remains insufficiently evaluated. Existing evaluation methods often demand…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hanbo Huang , Xuan Gong , Yiran Zhang , Hao Zheng , Shiyu Liang

Watermarking is a promising defense against the misuse of large language models (LLMs), yet it remains vulnerable to scrubbing and spoofing attacks. This vulnerability stems from an inherent trade-off governed by watermark window size:…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Huanming Shen , Baizhou Huang , Xiaojun Wan

In recent trends, one can observe Large Language Models (LLMs) are exposed to backdoor attacks where vicious triggers added during training or model editing to elicit harmful outputs on specific input patterns while maintaining clean…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jagadeesh Rachapudi , Ritali Vatsi , Pranav Singh , Praful Hambarde , Amit Shukla

A recent watermarking scheme for language models achieves distortion-free embedding and robustness to edit-distance attacks. However, it suffers from limited generation diversity and high detection overhead. In parallel, recent research has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yangkun Wang , Jingbo Shang

Nowadays, deep neural networks are used for solving complex tasks in several critical applications and protecting both their integrity and intellectual property rights (IPR) has become of utmost importance. To this end, we advance WaterMAS,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Carl De Sousa Trias , Mihai Mitrea , Attilio Fiandrotti , Marco Cagnazzo , Sumanta Chaudhuri , Enzo Tartaglione

With the rapid advancement and extensive application of artificial intelligence technology, large language models (LLMs) are extensively used to enhance production, creativity, learning, and work efficiency across various domains. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yuqing Liang , Jiancheng Xiao , Wensheng Gan , Philip S. Yu

The proliferation of AI-generated images has intensified the need for robust content authentication methods. We present InvisMark, a novel watermarking technique designed for high-resolution AI-generated images. Our approach leverages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Rui Xu , Mengya Hu , Deren Lei , Yaxi Li , David Lowe , Alex Gorevski , Mingyu Wang , Emily Ching , Alex Deng

Detecting whether copyright holders' works were used in LLM pretraining is poised to be an important problem. This work proposes using data watermarks to enable principled detection with only black-box model access, provided that the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Ryan Yixiang Wang , Robin Jia

Text watermarking has emerged as a pivotal technique for identifying machine-generated text. However, existing methods often rely on arbitrary vocabulary partitioning during decoding to embed watermarks, which compromises the availability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Liang Chen , Yatao Bian , Yang Deng , Deng Cai , Shuaiyi Li , Peilin Zhao , Kam-fai Wong

Obtaining the state of the art performance of deep learning models imposes a high cost to model generators, due to the tedious data preparation and the substantial processing requirements. To protect the model from unauthorized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Masoumeh Shafieinejad , Jiaqi Wang , Nils Lukas , Xinda Li , Florian Kerschbaum

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple participants to collaboratively build deep learning (DL) models without directly sharing data. Consequently, the issue of copyright protection in FL becomes important since unreliable participants may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Wenyuan Yang , Shuo Shao , Yue Yang , Xiyao Liu , Ximeng Liu , Zhihua Xia , Gerald Schaefer , Hui Fang

Recently, text watermarking algorithms for large language models (LLMs) have been proposed to mitigate the potential harms of text generated by LLMs, including fake news and copyright issues. However, current watermark detection algorithms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Aiwei Liu , Leyi Pan , Xuming Hu , Shu'ang Li , Lijie Wen , Irwin King , Philip S. Yu

AI-driven molecular generation is reshaping drug discovery and materials design, yet the lack of protection mechanisms leaves AI-generated molecules vulnerable to unauthorized reuse and provenance ambiguity. Such limitation undermines both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Runwen Hu , Peilin Chen , Keyan Ding , Shiqi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of natural language processing tasks, demonstrating human-level performance in text generation, reasoning, and question answering. However, training such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yanbo Dai , Zongjie Li , Zhenlan Ji , Shuai Wang

Securing digital text is becoming increasingly relevant due to the widespread use of large language models. Individuals' fear of losing control over data when it is being used to train such machine learning models or when distinguishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Malte Hellmeier