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Reputation is a powerful mechanism to enforce cooperation among unrelated individuals through indirect reciprocity, but it suffers from disagreement originating from private assessment, noise, and incomplete information. In this work, we…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-07-12 Sanghun Lee , Yohsuke Murase , Seung Ki Baek

Reinforcement learning algorithms are typically limited to learning a single solution for a specified task, even though diverse solutions often exist. Recent studies showed that learning a set of diverse solutions is beneficial because…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-14 Takayuki Osa , Voot Tangkaratt , Masashi Sugiyama

In multi-agent reinforcement learning systems, the actions of one agent can have a negative impact on the rewards of other agents. One way to combat this problem is to let agents trade their rewards amongst each other. Motivated by this,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Michael Kölle , Lennart Rietdorf , Kyrill Schmid

Many complex tasks require extended effort, diverse capabilities, or coordinated actions beyond what a single agent can provide. However, simply adding more agents does not guarantee better performance, as effective cooperation depends on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Hanqing Yang , Narjes Nourzad , Shiyu Chen , Marie Siew , Jingdi Chen , Carlee Joe-Wong

Multi-agent reinforcement learning systems aim to provide interacting agents with the ability to collaboratively learn and adapt to the behaviour of other agents. In many real-world applications, the agents can only acquire a partial view…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Ozsel Kilinc , Giovanni Montana

One of the main questions concerning learning in Multi-Agent Systems is: (How) can agents benefit from mutual interaction during the learning process?. This paper describes the study of an interactive advice-exchange mechanism as a possible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 L. Nunes , E. Oliveira

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown recent success in increasingly complex fixed-team zero-sum environments. However, the real world is not zero-sum nor does it have fixed teams; humans face numerous social dilemmas and must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Bowen Baker

In this paper, we propose a novel model-free reinforcement learning algorithm to compute the optimal policies for a multi-agent system with $N$ cooperative agents where each agent privately observes it's own private type and publicly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-24 Rajesh K Mishra , Deepanshu Vasal , Sriram Vishwanath

Growing concerns about safety and alignment of AI systems highlight the importance of embedding moral capabilities in artificial agents: a promising solution is the use of learning from experience, i.e., Reinforcement Learning. In…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Elizaveta Tennant , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

This paper presents the first systematic investigation of the potential performance gains for crowdsourcing systems, deriving from available information at the requester about individual worker earnestness (reputation). In particular, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-12-01 Alberto Tarable , Alessandro Nordio , Emilio Leonardi , Marco Ajmone Marsan

Inferring reward functions from demonstrations and pairwise preferences are auspicious approaches for aligning Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents with human intentions. However, state-of-the art methods typically focus on learning a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Markus Peschl , Arkady Zgonnikov , Frans A. Oliehoek , Luciano C. Siebert

Cooperation in groups underpins collective responses to challenges from climate governance to public goods provision, yet how moral evaluation sustains it remains poorly understood. Indirect reciprocity -- cooperating to build a good…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-29 Ming Wei , Xin Wang , Junyu Lu , Longzhao Liu , Yishen Jiang , Hongwei Zheng , Shaoting Tang , Feng Fu

A canonical social dilemma arises when finite resources are allocated to a group of people, who can choose to either reciprocate with interest, or keep the proceeds for themselves. What resource allocation mechanisms will encourage levels…

We explore a collaborative and cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning setting where a team of reinforcement learning agents attempt to solve a single cooperative task in a multi-scenario setting. We propose a novel multi-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Hassam Ullah Sheikh , Ladislau Bölöni

Multi-agent systems have demonstrated exceptional performance in downstream tasks beyond diverse single agent baselines. A growing body of work has explored ways to improve their reasoning and collaboration, from vote, debate, to complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yu Yao , Jiayi Dong , Yang Yang , Ju Li , Yilun Du

Compositional reinforcement learning is a promising approach for training policies to perform complex long-horizon tasks. Typically, a high-level task is decomposed into a sequence of subtasks and a separate policy is trained to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Kishor Jothimurugan , Steve Hsu , Osbert Bastani , Rajeev Alur

A large amount of work has been done in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) for modeling and solving problems with multiple interacting agents. However, most LLMs are pretrained independently and not specifically optimized for coordination. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Shuo Liu , Tianle Chen , Zeyu Liang , Xueguang Lyu , Christopher Amato

Multi-agent hierarchical reinforcement learning (MAHRL) has been studied as an effective means to solve intelligent decision problems in complex and large-scale environments. However, most current MAHRL algorithms follow the traditional way…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Chanjuan Liu , Jinmiao Cong , Bingcai Chen , Yaochu Jin , Enqiang Zhu

Reinforcement learning (RL) relies heavily on exploration to learn from its environment and maximize observed rewards. Therefore, it is essential to design a reward function that guarantees optimal learning from the received experience.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Ingy ElSayed-Aly , Lu Feng

Peer learning is a novel high-level reinforcement learning framework for agents learning in groups. While standard reinforcement learning trains an individual agent in trial-and-error fashion, all on its own, peer learning addresses a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Cedric Derstroff , Mattia Cerrato , Jannis Brugger , Jan Peters , Stefan Kramer