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Vision Transformer (ViT) is becoming more popular in image processing. Specifically, we investigate the effectiveness of test-time adaptation (TTA) on ViT, a technique that has emerged to correct its prediction during test-time by itself.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Takeshi Kojima , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

Vision Transformer (ViT), as a powerful alternative to Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), has received much attention. Recent work showed that ViTs are also vulnerable to adversarial examples like CNNs. To build robust ViTs, an intuitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Boxi Wu , Jindong Gu , Zhifeng Li , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He , Wei Liu

Vision Transformer (ViT) demonstrates that Transformer for natural language processing can be applied to computer vision tasks and result in comparable performance to convolutional neural networks (CNN), which have been studied and adopted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Yi-Lun Liao , Sertac Karaman , Vivienne Sze

In recent years, Vision Transformers have attracted increasing interest from computer vision researchers. However, the advantage of these transformers over CNNs is only fully manifested when trained over a large dataset, mainly due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Itamar Zimerman , Lior Wolf

The vision transformer splits each image into a sequence of tokens with fixed length and processes the tokens in the same way as words in natural language processing. More tokens normally lead to better performance but considerably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Yichen Zhu , Yuqin Zhu , Jie Du , Yi Wang , Zhicai Ou , Feifei Feng , Jian Tang

Vision Transformers (ViT) serve as powerful vision models. Unlike convolutional neural networks, which dominated vision research in previous years, vision transformers enjoy the ability to capture long-range dependencies in the data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Moab Arar , Ariel Shamir , Amit H. Bermano

Pre-training & fine-tuning can enhance the transferring efficiency and performance in visual tasks. Recent delta-tuning methods provide more options for visual classification tasks. Despite their success, existing visual delta-tuning art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Dongshuo Yin , Leiyi Hu , Bin Li , Youqun Zhang , Xue Yang

Attention within windows has been widely explored in vision transformers to balance the performance, computation complexity, and memory footprint. However, current models adopt a hand-crafted fixed-size window design, which restricts their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Qiming Zhang , Yufei Xu , Jing Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Pretrained vision foundation models deliver strong performance across tasks with limited fine-tuning. However, their Vision Transformer (ViT) backbones impose high inference costs, limiting deployment on resource-constrained devices. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Carmelo Scribano , Mohammad Mahdi , Nedyalko Prisadnikov , Yuqian Fu , Giorgia Franchini , Danda Pani Paudel , Marko Bertogna , Luc Van Gool

The recently developed pure Transformer architectures have attained promising accuracy on point cloud learning benchmarks compared to convolutional neural networks. However, existing point cloud Transformers are computationally expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Cheng Zhang , Haocheng Wan , Xinyi Shen , Zizhao Wu

In recent years, increasingly large models have achieved outstanding performance across CV tasks. However, these models demand substantial computational resources and storage, and their growing complexity limits our understanding of how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Carlos Boned Riera , David Romero Sanchez , Oriol Ramos Terrades

Vision transformers have demonstrated remarkable success in classification by leveraging global self-attention to capture long-range dependencies. However, this same mechanism can obscure fine-grained spatial details crucial for tasks such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Sina Hajimiri , Farzad Beizaee , Fereshteh Shakeri , Christian Desrosiers , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

While parameter efficient tuning (PET) methods have shown great potential with transformer architecture on Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, their effectiveness with large-scale ConvNets is still under-studied on Computer Vision (CV)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Hao Chen , Ran Tao , Han Zhang , Yidong Wang , Xiang Li , Wei Ye , Jindong Wang , Guosheng Hu , Marios Savvides

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have been shown to enhance visual recognition through modeling long-range dependencies with multi-head self-attention (MHSA), which is typically formulated as Query-Key-Value computation. However, the attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Chongjian Ge , Xiaohan Ding , Zhan Tong , Li Yuan , Jiangliu Wang , Yibing Song , Ping Luo

Vision transformer (ViT) models exhibit substandard optimizability. In particular, they are sensitive to the choice of optimizer (AdamW vs. SGD), optimizer hyperparameters, and training schedule length. In comparison, modern convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Tete Xiao , Mannat Singh , Eric Mintun , Trevor Darrell , Piotr Dollár , Ross Girshick

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable performance by aligning pretrained visual representations with the linguistic knowledge embedded in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing approaches typically rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ying Liu , Yudong Han , Kean Shi , Liyuan Pan

Vision Transformer(ViT) is one of the most widely used models in the computer vision field with its great performance on various tasks. In order to fully utilize the ViT-based architecture in various applications, proper visualization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Saebom Leem , Hyunseok Seo

Although Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved significant success, their intensive computations and substantial memory overheads challenge their deployment on edge devices. To address this, efficient ViTs have emerged, typically…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Zhongfeng Wang

Accurate forecasts of segment-level sailing durations are fundamental to enhancing maritime schedule reliability and optimizing long-term port operations. However, conventional estimated time of arrival (ETA) models are primarily designed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nairui Liu , Fang He , Xindi Tang , Yineng Wang

Dense embeddings are fundamental to modern machine learning systems, powering Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), information retrieval, and representation learning. While instruction-conditioning has become the dominant approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Miguel Romero , Shuoyang Ding , Corey D. Barret , Georgiana Dinu , George Karypis