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The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has inaugurated a transformative epoch in natural language processing, fostering unprecedented proficiency in text generation, comprehension, and contextual scrutiny. Nevertheless,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Cangqing Wang , Yutian Yang , Ruisi Li , Dan Sun , Ruicong Cai , Yuzhu Zhang , Chengqian Fu , Lillian Floyd

Prompt-tuning is an emerging strategy to adapt large language models (LLM) to downstream tasks by learning a (soft-)prompt parameter from data. Despite its success in LLMs, there is limited theoretical understanding of the power of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Samet Oymak , Ankit Singh Rawat , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Christos Thrampoulidis

Foundation models of time series have not been fully developed due to the limited availability of time series corpora and the underexploration of scalable pre-training. Based on the similar sequential formulation of time series and natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yong Liu , Guo Qin , Xiangdong Huang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have become the state-of-the-art choice for extracting patterns from temporal sequences. However, current RNN models are ill-suited to process irregularly sampled data triggered by events generated in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Daniel Neil , Michael Pfeiffer , Shih-Chii Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are machine learning models that have seen widespread adoption due to their capability of handling previously difficult tasks. LLMs, due to their training, are sensitive to how exactly a question is presented,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Jae Yong Lee , Sungmin Kang , Shin Yoo

Prompt Learning has recently gained great popularity in bridging the gap between pretraining tasks and various downstream tasks. It freezes Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) and only tunes a few task-related parameters (prompts) for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Yuezihan Jiang , Hao Yang , Junyang Lin , Hanyu Zhao , An Yang , Chang Zhou , Hongxia Yang , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Temporal point processes (TPPs) are widely used to model the timing and occurrence of events in domains such as social networks, transportation systems, and e-commerce. In this paper, we introduce TPP-LLM, a novel framework that integrates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zefang Liu , Yinzhu Quan

This research examines the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in predicting time series, with a specific focus on the LLMTIME model. Despite the established effectiveness of LLMs in tasks such as text generation, language translation, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Rui Cao , Qiao Wang

Requirements classification assigns natural language requirements to predefined classes, such as functional and non functional. Accurate classification reduces risk and improves software quality. Most existing models rely on supervised…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Manal Binkhonain , Reem Alfayaz

Prompt-based evaluations suggest that large language models (LLMs) perform poorly on time series classification, raising doubts about whether they encode meaningful temporal structure. We show that this conclusion reflects limitations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Dan Schumacher , Erfan Nourbakhsh , Rocky Slavin , Anthony Rios

Understanding time series is crucial for its application in real-world scenarios. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly applied to time series tasks, leveraging their strong language capabilities to enhance various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zhe Xie , Zeyan Li , Xiao He , Longlong Xu , Xidao Wen , Tieying Zhang , Jianjun Chen , Rui Shi , Dan Pei

Spatio-temporal forecasting plays a crucial role in various sectors such as transportation systems, logistics, and supply chain management. However, existing methods are limited by their ability to handle large, complex datasets. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Sakhinana Sagar Srinivas , Chidaksh Ravuru , Geethan Sannidhi , Venkataramana Runkana

Large language models (LLMs) enable system builders today to create competent NLP systems through prompting, where they only need to describe the task in natural language and provide a few examples. However, in other ways, LLMs are a step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Vijay Viswanathan , Chenyang Zhao , Amanda Bertsch , Tongshuang Wu , Graham Neubig

Recent advances have investigated the use of pretrained large language models (LLMs) for time-series forecasting by aligning numerical inputs with LLM embedding spaces. However, existing multimodal approaches often overlook the distinct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Suchan Lee , Jihoon Choi , Sohyeon Lee , Minseok Song , Bong-Gyu Jang , Hwanjo Yu , Soyeon Caren Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks by effectively utilizing a prompting strategy. However, they are highly sensitive to input perturbations, such as typographical errors or slight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lin Mu , Guowei Chu , Li Ni , Lei Sang , Yiwen Zhang

The remarkable advancements in large language models (LLMs) have brought about significant improvements in Natural Language Processing(NLP) tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of in-context learning techniques, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yinheng Li

Recent adaptations of Large Language Models (LLMs) for time series forecasting often fail to effectively enhance information for raw series, leaving LLM reasoning capabilities underutilized. Existing prompting strategies rely on static…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Junjie Fan , Hongye Zhao , Linduo Wei , Jiayu Rao , Guijia Li , Jiaxin Yuan , Wenqi Xu , Yong Qi

Traditional time series analysis has long relied on pattern recognition, trained on static and well-established benchmarks. However, in real-world settings -- where policies shift, human behavior adapts, and unexpected events unfold --…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Xinlei Wang , Mingtian Tan , Jing Qiu , Junhua Zhao , Jinjin Gu

Multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF) aims to learn temporal dynamics among variables to forecast future time series. Existing statistical and deep learning-based methods suffer from limited learnable parameters and small-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Chenxi Liu , Qianxiong Xu , Hao Miao , Sun Yang , Lingzheng Zhang , Cheng Long , Ziyue Li , Rui Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu