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Exponential random graph models (ERGMs) are widely used for modeling social networks observed at one point in time. However the computational difficulty of ERGM parameter estimation has limited the practical application of this class of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-24 Alex Stivala , Garry Robins , Alessandro Lomi

We define a general class of network formation models, Statistical Exponential Random Graph Models (SERGMs), that nest standard exponential random graph models (ERGMs) as a special case. We provide the first general results on when these…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-06-26 Arun G. Chandrasekhar , Matthew O. Jackson

Nowadays, exponential random graphs (ERGs) are among the most widely-studied network models. Different analytical and numerical techniques for ERG have been developed that resulted in the well-established theory with true predictive power.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-04-08 Agata Fronczak

The study of probabilistic models for the analysis of complex networks represents a flourishing research field. Among the former, Exponential Random Graphs (ERGs) have gained increasing attention over the years. So far, only linear ERGs…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-10 Mattia Marzi , Francesca Giuffrida , Diego Garlaschelli , Tiziano Squartini

Statistical models for social networks have enabled researchers to study complex social phenomena that give rise to observed patterns of relationships among social actors and to gain a rich understanding of the interdependent nature of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-11 George G. Vega Yon , Andrew Slaughter , Kayla de la Haye

Exponential random graph models (ERGMs) are flexible probability models allowing edge dependency. However, it is known that, to a first-order approximation, many ERGMs behave like Erd\"os-R\'enyi random graphs, where edges are independent.…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-04 Wen-Yi Ding , Xiao Fang

Designing reliable networks consists in finding topological structures, which are able to successfully carry out desired processes and operations. When this set of activities performed within a network are unknown and the only available…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-09-22 Stefano Nasini

In this article, we extend several algebraic graph analysis methods to bipartite networks. In various areas of science, engineering and commerce, many types of information can be represented as networks, and thus the discipline of network…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-01-16 Jérôme Kunegis

The exponential family of random graphs represents an important and challenging class of network models. Despite their flexibility, conventionally used exponential random graphs have one shortcoming. They cannot directly model weighted…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-07-15 Mei Yin

Network science is a powerful tool for analyzing complex systems in fields ranging from sociology to engineering to biology. This paper is focused on generative models of large-scale bipartite graphs, also known as two-way graphs or…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Sinan Aksoy , Tamara G. Kolda , Ali Pinar

Exponential family random graph models (ERGMs) can be understood in terms of a set of structural biases that act on an underlying reference distribution. This distribution determines many aspects of the behavior and interpretation of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-07 Carter T. Butts

We investigate the computational complexity of the exponential random graph model (ERGM) commonly used in social network analysis. This model represents a probability distribution on graphs by setting the log-likelihood of generating a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-12-05 Michael J. Bannister , William E. Devanny , David Eppstein

In most domains of network analysis researchers consider networks that arise in nature with weighted edges. Such networks are routinely dichotomized in the interest of using available methods for statistical inference with networks. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-10 James D. Wilson , Matthew J. Denny , Shankar Bhamidi , Skyler Cranmer , Bruce Desmarais

We use the exponential random graph models to understand the network structure and its generative process for the Japanese bipartite network of banks and firms. One of the well known and simple model of exponential random graph is the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-06-28 Abhijit Chakraborty , Hazem Krichene , Hiroyasu Inoue , Yoshi Fujiwara

The presence of unobserved node specific heterogeneity in Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM) is a general concern, both with respect to model validity as well as estimation instability. We therefore extend the ERGM by including node…

Computation · Statistics 2021-12-24 Sevag Kevork , Göran Kauermann

Substantive research in the Social Sciences regularly investigates signed networks, where edges between actors are either positive or negative. For instance, schoolchildren can be friends or rivals, just as countries can cooperate or fight…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Cornelius Fritz , Marius Mehrl , Paul W. Thurner , Göran kauermann

We extend the well-known and widely used Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM) by including nodal random effects to compensate for heterogeneity in the nodes of a network. The Bayesian framework for ERGMs proposed by Caimo and Friel (2011)…

Applications · Statistics 2015-01-13 Stephanie Thiemichen , Nial Friel , Alberto Caimo , Göran Kauermann

A class of models that have been widely used are the exponential random graph (ERG) models, which form a comprehensive family of models that include independent and dyadic edge models, Markov random graphs, and many other graph…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-07 Denise Duarte , Rafael Honório Pereira Alves

A bipartite network is a graph structure where nodes are from two distinct domains and only inter-domain interactions exist as edges. A large number of network embedding methods exist to learn vectorial node representations from general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Hansheng Xue , Luwei Yang , Vaibhav Rajan , Wen Jiang , Yi Wei , Yu Lin

As a representation of relational data over time series, longitudinal networks provide opportunities to study link formation processes. However, networks at scale often exhibits community structure (i.e. clustering), which may confound…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-04-04 Ming Cao