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The implementation of fault-tolerant quantum gates on encoded logic qubits is considered. It is shown that transversal implementation of logic gates based on simple geometric control ideas is problematic for realistic physical systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 R. Nigmatullin , S. G. Schirmer

Fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) is essential for achieving large-scale practical quantum computation. Implementing arbitrary FTQC requires the execution of a universal gate set on logical qubits, which is highly challenging.…

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes offer a promising route to scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation with constant overhead. Recent advancements have shown that qLDPC codes can outperform the quantum memory capability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Jens Niklas Eberhardt , Vincent Steffan

Quantum error correction is a crucial tool for mitigating hardware errors in quantum computers by encoding logical information into multiple physical qubits. However, no single error-correcting code allows for an intrinsically…

A central challenge for the scaling of quantum computing systems is the need to control all qubits in the system without a large overhead. A solution for this problem in classical computing comes in the form of so called crossbar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Jonas Helsen , Mark Steudtner , Menno Veldhorst , Stephanie Wehner

We introduce a general framework for weak transversal gates -- probabilistic implementation of logical unitaries realized by local physical unitaries -- and propose a novel partially fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Alireza Seif , Andrew Cross , Ali Javadi-Abhari

Quantum error correction is believed to be essential for scalable quantum computation, but its implementation is challenging due to its considerable space-time overhead. Motivated by recent experiments demonstrating efficient manipulation…

Two-level quantum systems, qubits, are not the only basis for quantum computation. Advantages exist in using qudits, d-level quantum systems, as the basic carrier of quantum information. We show that color codes, a class of topological…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-11 Fern H. E. Watson , Earl T. Campbell , Hussain Anwar , Dan E. Browne

Quantum computation offers the potential to solve fundamental yet otherwise intractable problems across a range of active fields of research. Recently, universal quantum-logic gate sets - the building blocks for a quantum computer - have…

Standard approaches to quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computing are based on encoding a single logical qubit into many physical ones, resulting in asymptotically zero encoding rates and therefore huge resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-06 Hayato Goto

We systematically construct and classify fault-tolerant logical gates implemented by constant-depth circuits for quantum codes using cohomology operations and symmetry. These logical gates are obtained from unitary operators given by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Po-Shen Hsin , Ryohei Kobayashi , Guanyu Zhu

We propose hardware-efficient schemes for implementing logical H and S gates transversally on rotated surface codes with reconfigurable neutral atom arrays. For logical H gates, we develop a simple strategy to rotate code patches…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-03 Zi-Han Chen , Ming-Cheng Chen , Chao-Yang Lu , Jian-Wei Pan

The color code has been invaluable for the development of the theory of fault-tolerant logic gates using transversal rotations. Three-dimensional examples of the color code have shown us how its structure, specifically the intersection of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Benjamin J. Brown

It is a major challenge to perform addressable and parallel logical operations on constant-rate quantum LDPC (qLDPC) codes. Indeed, the overhead of targeting specific logical qubits represents a crucial bottleneck in many quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Louis Golowich , Kathleen Chang , Guanyu Zhu

In this paper, we focus on the problem of computing the set of diagonal transversal gates fixing a CSS code. We determine the logical actions of the gates as well as the groups of transversal gates that induce non-trivial logical gates and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Eduardo Camps-Moreno , Hiram H. López , Gretchen L. Matthews , Narayanan Rengaswamy , Rodrigo San-José

We present a native three-qubit entangling gate that exploits engineered interactions to realize control-control-target and control-target-target operations in a single coherent step. Unlike conventional decompositions into multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Xuexin Xu , Siyu Wang , Radhika Joshi , Rihan Hai , Mohammad H. Ansari

Quantum computers promise to solve certain problems exponentially faster than possible classically but are challenging to build because of their increased susceptibility to errors. Remarkably, however, it is possible to detect and correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-24 M. D. Reed , L. DiCarlo , S. E. Nigg , L. Sun , L. Frunzio , S. M. Girvin , R. J. Schoelkopf

Quantum error correction (QEC) is considered a deciding component in enabling practical quantum computing. Stabilizer codes, and in particular topological surface codes, are promising candidates for implementing QEC by redundantly encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Josias Old , Stephan Tasler , Michael J. Hartmann , Markus Müller

Code switching is an established technique that facilitates a universal set of FT quantum gate operations by combining two QEC codes with complementary sets of gates, which each by themselves are easy to implement fault-tolerantly. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Sascha Heußen , Janine Hilder

Executing quantum applications with quantum error correction (QEC) faces the gate non-universality problem imposed by the Eastin-Knill theorem. As one resource-time-efficient solution, code switching changes the encoding of logical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-17 Anbang Wu , Keyi Yin , Andrew W. Cross , Ang Li , Yufei Ding