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World models are central to building agents that can reason, plan, and generalize beyond their training data. However, research on world models is currently fragmented, with disparate codebases, data pipelines, and evaluation protocols…

By treating data and models as the source code, Foundation Models (FMs) become a new type of software. Mirroring the concept of software crisis, the increasing complexity of FMs making FM crisis a tangible concern in the coming decade,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Dezhi Ran , Mengzhou Wu , Wei Yang , Tao Xie

As LLMs continuously evolve, there is an urgent need for a reliable evaluation method that delivers trustworthy results promptly. Currently, static benchmarks suffer from inflexibility and unreliability, leading users to prefer human voting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ruochen Zhao , Wenxuan Zhang , Yew Ken Chia , Weiwen Xu , Deli Zhao , Lidong Bing

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential as autonomous software engineering (SWE) agents. Recent work has further explored augmenting these agents with memory mechanisms to support long-horizon reasoning.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Kangning Shen , Jingyuan Zhang , Chenxi Sun , Wencong Zeng , Yang Yue

Large Language Models (LLMs) are reshaping almost all industries, including software engineering. In recent years, a number of LLM agents have been proposed to solve real-world software problems. Such software agents are typically equipped…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Zhe Wang , Yan Yang , Yuxiang Wei , Lingming Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are catalyzing the development of autonomous AI research agents for scientific and engineering discovery. We present FM Agent, a novel and general-purpose multi-agent framework that leverages a synergistic…

Despite recent progress in Language Models (LMs) for software engineering, collecting training data remains a significant pain point. Existing datasets are small, with at most 1,000s of training instances from 11 or fewer GitHub…

Training models to act as agents that can effectively navigate and perform actions in a complex environment, such as a web browser, has typically been challenging due to lack of training data. Large language models (LLMs) have recently…

Foundation Models (FMs) are large-scale, pre-trained artificial intelligence (AI) systems that have revolutionized natural language processing and computer vision, and are now advancing geospatial analysis and Earth Observation (EO). They…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Pedram Ghamisi , Weikang Yu , Xiaokang Zhang , Aldino Rizaldy , Jian Wang , Chufeng Zhou , Richard Gloaguen , Gustau Camps-Valls

Evaluating in-the-wild coding capabilities of large language models (LLMs) is a challenging endeavor with no clear solution. We introduce Copilot Arena, a platform to collect user preferences for code generation through native integration…

In the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities across numerous applications. However, the performance of these models in languages with fewer resources, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Birger Moell

Arena-based evaluation is a fundamental yet significant evaluation paradigm for modern AI models, especially large language models (LLMs). Existing framework based on ELO rating system suffers from the inevitable instability problem due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zirui Liu , Jiatong Li , Yan Zhuang , Qi Liu , Shuanghong Shen , Jie Ouyang , Mingyue Cheng , Shijin Wang

Rigorous security-focused evaluation of large language model (LLM) agents is imperative for establishing trust in their safe deployment throughout the software development lifecycle. However, existing benchmarks largely rely on synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Hwiwon Lee , Ziqi Zhang , Hanxiao Lu , Lingming Zhang

SWE-Bench-Verified, a dataset comprising 500 issues, serves as a de facto benchmark for evaluating various large language models (LLMs) on their ability to resolve GitHub issues. But this benchmark may overlap with model training data. If…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Thanosan Prathifkumar , Noble Saji Mathews , Meiyappan Nagappan

With the rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in industrial domains, offering new opportunities for Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). These models help address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Puyu Yang , Laifa Tao , Zijian Huang , Haifei Liu , Wenyan Cao , Hao Ji , Jianan Qiu , Qixuan Huang , Xuanyuan Su , Yuhang Xie , Jun Zhang , Shangyu Li , Chen Lu , Zhixuan Lian

Reasoning has emerged as the next major frontier for language models (LMs), with rapid advances from both academic and industrial labs. However, this progress often outpaces methodological rigor, with many evaluations relying on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Andreas Hochlehnert , Hardik Bhatnagar , Vishaal Udandarao , Samuel Albanie , Ameya Prabhu , Matthias Bethge

Standard single-turn, static benchmarks fall short in evaluating the nuanced capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) on complex tasks such as software engineering. In this work, we propose a novel interactive evaluation framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Dimitrios Rontogiannis , Maxime Peyrard , Nicolas Baldwin , Martin Josifoski , Robert West , Dimitrios Gunopulos

Progress in software-engineering agents is increasingly constrained by the scarcity of executable, scalable, and realistic data for training and evaluation. This scarcity stems from three fundamental challenges in existing pipelines:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yucheng Zeng , Shupeng Li , Daxiang Dong , Ruijie Xu , Zimo Chen , Liwei Zheng , Yuxuan Li , Zhe Zhou , Haotian Zhao , Lun Tian , Heng Xiao , Tianshu Zhu , Longkun Hao , Jianmin Wu

The recent advance in Large Language Models (LLMs) has shaped a new paradigm of AI agents, i.e., LLM-based agents. Compared to standalone LLMs, LLM-based agents substantially extend the versatility and expertise of LLMs by enhancing LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Junwei Liu , Kaixin Wang , Yixuan Chen , Xin Peng , Zhenpeng Chen , Lingming Zhang , Yiling Lou

Visual foundation models (VFMs) have become increasingly popular due to their state-of-the-art performance. However, interpretability remains crucial for critical applications. In this sense, self-explainable models (SEM) aim to provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Hugues Turbé , Mina Bjelogrlic , Gianmarco Mengaldo , Christian Lovis
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