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AI agents aim to solve complex tasks by combining text-based reasoning with external tool calls. Unfortunately, AI agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks where data returned by external tools hijacks the agent to execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Edoardo Debenedetti , Jie Zhang , Mislav Balunović , Luca Beurer-Kellner , Marc Fischer , Florian Tramèr

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to the secure deployment of large language models (LLMs), enabling adversaries to implant hidden behaviors triggered by specific inputs. However, existing methods often rely on manually crafted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yige Li , Zhe Li , Wei Zhao , Nay Myat Min , Hanxun Huang , Xingjun Ma , Jun Sun

This paper proposes a novel architectural framework aimed at enhancing security and reliability in multi-agent systems (MAS). A central component of this framework is a network of Sentinel Agents, functioning as a distributed security layer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Diego Gosmar , Deborah A. Dahl

The field of Artificial Intelligence is undergoing a transition from Generative AI -- probabilistic generation of text and images -- to Agentic AI, in which autonomous systems execute actions within external environments on behalf of users.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Sheng Cao , Zhao Chang , Chang Li , Hannan Li , Liyao Fu , Ji Tang

Multi-agent systems coordinate LLM-based agents to perform tasks on users' behalf. In real-world applications, multi-agent systems will inevitably interact with untrusted inputs, such as malicious Web content, files, email attachments, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Harold Triedman , Rishi Jha , Vitaly Shmatikov

Web Application Firewalls are crucial for protecting web applications against a wide range of cyber threats. Traditional Web Application Firewalls often struggle to effectively distinguish between malicious and legitimate traffic, leading…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ahmed Sameh , Sahar Selim

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly being deployed as conversational assistants capable of performing complex real-world tasks through tool integration. This enhanced ability to interact with external systems and process…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Feiran Jia , Tong Wu , Xin Qin , Anna Squicciarini

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents increasingly interact, collaborate, and delegate tasks to one another autonomously with minimal human interaction. Industry guidelines for agentic system governance emphasize the need for users to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Georgios Syros , Anshuman Suri , Jacob Ginesin , Cristina Nita-Rotaru , Alina Oprea

While the Internet's core infrastructure was designed to be open and universal, today's application layer is dominated by closed, proprietary platforms. Open and interoperable APIs require significant investment, and market leaders have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Samuele Marro , Philip Torr

The rapid adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) agents and multi-agent systems enables remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and generation. However, these systems introduce security vulnerabilities that extend beyond…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Matteo Lupinacci , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Francesco Blefari , Francesco Romeo , Luigi Arena , Angelo Furfaro

Autonomous browsing agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate web-based tasks. However, their reliance on dynamic content, tool execution, and user-provided data exposes them to a broad attack surface.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Mykyta Mudryi , Markiyan Chaklosh , Grzegorz Wójcik

The growing use of large language model (LLM)-based conversational agents to manage sensitive user data raises significant privacy concerns. While these agents excel at understanding and acting on context, this capability can be exploited…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Eugene Bagdasarian , Ren Yi , Sahra Ghalebikesabi , Peter Kairouz , Marco Gruteser , Sewoong Oh , Borja Balle , Daniel Ramage

With the development of large models and autonomous decision-making AI, agents are rapidly becoming the new entities of the internet, following mobile apps. However, existing internet infrastructure is primarily designed for human…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Gaowei Chang , Eidan Lin , Chengxuan Yuan , Rizhao Cai , Binbin Chen , Xuan Xie , Yin Zhang

Agentic AI systems introduce a security surface that is qualitatively different from that of stateless LLMs. They persist memory, invoke external tools, coordinate with peer agents, and operate across sessions, allowing attacks to emerge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Kexin Chu

Sixth-generation (6G) networks are increasingly envisioned as AI-native infrastructures integrating communication, sensing, and computing into a unified fabric. However, existing approaches remain largely optimization-centric, relying on…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Abderrahmane Lakas , Merouane Debbah

LLM-based agents have recently attracted significant attention due to their ability to autonomously invoke relevant tools to accomplish complex tasks. However, recent studies have shown that these agents face severe security risks, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiaqi Luo , Songyang Peng , Jiarun Dai , Zhile Chen , Zhuoxiang Shen , Geng Hong , Xudong Pan , Yuan Zhang , Min Yang

Autonomous AI agents extend large language models into full runtime systems that load skills, ingest external content, maintain memory, plan multi-step actions, and invoke privileged tools. In such systems, security failures rarely remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yixiang Zhang , Xinhao Deng , Jiaqing Wu , Yue Xiao , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed software development, enabling AI-powered applications known as LLM-based agents that promise to automate tasks across diverse apps and workflows. Yet, the security implications of deploying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Chenghao Du , Quanfeng Huang , Tingxuan Tang , Zihao Wang , Adwait Nadkarni , Yue Xiao

LLM-based agentic systems are rapidly evolving to perform complex autonomous tasks through dynamic tool invocation, stateful memory management, and multi-agent collaboration. However, this semantics-driven execution paradigm creates a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Chaofan Li , Lyuye Zhang , Jintao Zhai , Siyue Feng , Xichun Yang , Huahao Wang , Shihan Dou , Yu Ji , Yutao Hu , Yueming Wu , Yang Liu , Deqing Zou

In the age of large language models (LLMs), autonomous agents have emerged as a powerful paradigm for achieving general intelligence. These agents dynamically leverage tools, memory, and reasoning capabilities to accomplish user-defined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Chaojia Yu , Zihan Cheng , Hanwen Cui , Yishuo Gao , Zexu Luo , Yijin Wang , Hangbin Zheng , Yong Zhao