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Large language models (LLMs) have been garnering increasing attention in the recommendation community. Some studies have observed that LLMs, when fine-tuned by the cross-entropy (CE) loss with a full softmax, could achieve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Cong Xu , Zhangchi Zhu , Mo Yu , Jun Wang , Jianyong Wang , Wei Zhang

Sequence-to-sequence models with an implicit alignment mechanism (e.g. attention) are closing the performance gap towards traditional hybrid hidden Markov models (HMM) for the task of automatic speech recognition. One important factor to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-21 Wilfried Michel , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

As deep neural networks continue to revolutionize various application domains, there is increasing interest in making these powerful models more understandable and interpretable, and narrowing down the causes of good and bad predictions. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-04 Viktoriya Krakovna , Finale Doshi-Velez

Despite the increasing prevalence of large language models (LLMs), we still have a limited understanding of how their representational spaces are structured. This limits our ability to interpret how and what they learn or relate them to…

Soft prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient method for adapting LLMs to specific tasks, but suffers from a lack of interpretability. Building on recent work on interpreting soft prompts (Ramati et al., 2024), we explore how training a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Pitipat Kongsomjit , Suryansh Goyal , Jacob Whitehill

Supervised machine learning often operates on the data-driven paradigm, wherein internal model parameters are autonomously optimized to converge predicted outputs with the ground truth, devoid of explicitly programming rules or a priori…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Daniel Geissler , Bo Zhou , Mengxi Liu , Paul Lukowicz

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet their internal decision-making processes remain largely opaque. Mechanistic interpretability (i.e., the systematic study of how neural networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Usman Naseem

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transformer-based machine learning models that have shown remarkable performance in tasks for which they were not explicitly trained. Here, we explore the potential of LLMs to perform symbolic regression --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Samiha Sharlin , Tyler R. Josephson

The self-attention mechanism distinguishes transformer-based large language models (LLMs) apart from convolutional and recurrent neural networks. Despite the performance improvement, achieving real-time LLM inference on silicon remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Shiwei Liu , Guanchen Tao , Yifei Zou , Derek Chow , Zichen Fan , Kauna Lei , Bangfei Pan , Dennis Sylvester , Gregory Kielian , Mehdi Saligane

In recent years, the softmax model and its fast approximations have become the de-facto loss functions for deep neural networks when dealing with multi-class prediction. This loss has been extended to language modeling and recommendation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-19 Ugo Tanielian , Flavian Vasile

With the rise of Visual and Language Pretraining (VLP), an increasing number of downstream tasks are adopting the paradigm of pretraining followed by fine-tuning. Although this paradigm has demonstrated potential in various multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Tengjun Huang

This paper describes one objective function for learning semantically coherent feature embeddings in multi-output classification problems, i.e., when the response variables have dimension higher than one. In particular, we consider the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Hugo Proença , Ehsan Yaghoubi , Pendar Alirezazadeh

In deep learning research, many melody extraction models rely on redesigning neural network architectures to improve performance. In this paper, we propose an input feature modification and a training objective modification based on two…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Keren Shao , Ke Chen , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Shlomo Dubnov

Despite their original goal to jointly learn to align and translate, Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models, especially Transformer, are often perceived as not learning interpretable word alignments. In this paper, we show that NMT models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Shuoyang Ding , Hainan Xu , Philipp Koehn

To mitigate the problem of having to traverse over the full vocabulary in the softmax normalization of a neural language model, sampling-based training criteria are proposed and investigated in the context of large vocabulary word-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Zijian Yang , Yingbo Gao , Alexander Gerstenberger , Jintao Jiang , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

We present Branch-Train-Merge (BTM), a communication-efficient algorithm for embarrassingly parallel training of large language models (LLMs). We show it is possible to independently train subparts of a new class of LLMs on different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Margaret Li , Suchin Gururangan , Tim Dettmers , Mike Lewis , Tim Althoff , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

Cross-entropy loss with softmax output is a standard choice to train neural network classifiers. We give a new view of neural network classifiers with softmax and cross-entropy as mutual information evaluators. We show that when the dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Zhenyue Qin , Dongwoo Kim , Tom Gedeon

High-quality, large-scale instructions are crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs), however, there is a severe shortage of instruction in the field of natural language understanding (NLU). Previous works on constructing NLU…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Lin Yuan , Jun Xu , Honghao Gui , Mengshu Sun , Zhiqiang Zhang , Lei Liang , Jun Zhou

Neural machine translation (NMT) is notoriously sensitive to noises, but noises are almost inevitable in practice. One special kind of noise is the homophone noise, where words are replaced by other words with similar pronunciations. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Hairong Liu , Mingbo Ma , Liang Huang , Hao Xiong , Zhongjun He

Machine Translation (MT) plays a pivotal role in cross-lingual information access, public policy communication, and equitable knowledge dissemination. However, critical meaning errors, such as factual distortions, intent reversals, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Muskaan Chopra , Lorenz Sparrenberg , Rafet Sifa