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Related papers: Large Language Models Are Human-Like Internally

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Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to aid and improve human decision-making in classification tasks, not only by providing fairly accurate predictions, but also in their ability to generate cogent narrative explanations of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Laura R. Marusich , Mary Grace Kozuch Dhooghe , Jonathan Z. Bakdash , Murat Kantarcioglu

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have brought them closer to matching human cognition across a variety of tasks. How well do these models align with human performance in detecting and mapping analogies? Prior research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Kalit Inani , Keshav Kabra , Vijay Marupudi , Sashank Varma

Language models that are trained on the next-word prediction task have been shown to accurately model human behavior in word prediction and reading speed. In contrast with these findings, we present a scenario in which the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Aditya R. Vaidya , Javier Turek , Alexander G. Huth

Associative learning--forming links between co-occurring items--is fundamental to human cognition, reshaping internal representations in complex ways. Testing hypotheses on how representational changes occur in biological systems is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Camila Kolling , Vy Ai Vo , Mariya Toneva

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities across various tasks, from language translation to complex reasoning. Understanding and predicting human behavior and biases are crucial for artificial intelligence (AI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Thuy Ngoc Nguyen , Kasturi Jamale , Cleotilde Gonzalez

Causal reasoning is a core component of intelligence. Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in generating human-like text, raising questions about whether their responses reflect true understanding or statistical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanna M. Dettki , Brenden M. Lake , Charley M. Wu , Bob Rehder

Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn

Large language models are powerful systems that excel at many tasks, ranging from translation to mathematical reasoning. Yet, at the same time, these models often show unhuman-like characteristics. In the present paper, we address this gap…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Marcel Binz , Eric Schulz

Grammatical features across human languages show intriguing correlations often attributed to learning biases in humans. However, empirical evidence has been limited to experiments with highly simplified artificial languages, and whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Tianyang Xu , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Yohei Oseki , Ryan Cotterell , Alex Warstadt

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have shown remarkable abilities in producing human-like text. However, it is unclear how accurately these models internalize concepts that shape human thought and behavior. Here, we developed a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hiro Taiyo Hamada , Ippei Fujisawa , Genji Kawakita , Yuki Yamada

Language Models (LMs) have achieved impressive performance on various linguistic tasks, but their relationship to human language processing in the brain remains unclear. This paper examines the gaps and overlaps between LMs and the brain at…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-08 Tommaso Tosato , Pascal Jr Tikeng Notsawo , Saskia Helbling , Irina Rish , Guillaume Dumas

Large language models (LLMs) are currently at the forefront of intertwining AI systems with human communication and everyday life. Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate their emerging abilities. In this study, we show that LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) trained for next-word prediction have demonstrated remarkable proficiency at producing coherent text. But are they equally adept at forming coherent probability judgments? We use probabilistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jian-Qiao Zhu , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated human-like abilities in language-based tasks. While language is a defining feature of human intelligence, it emerges from more fundamental neurophysical processes rather than constituting the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-12 Doai Ngo , Mingxuan Sun , Zhengji Zhang , Ashwin G Ramayya , Mark Schnitzer , Zhe Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have exploded in popularity in the past few years and have achieved undeniably impressive results on benchmarks as varied as question answering and text summarization. We provide a simple new prompting strategy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Joshua Albrecht , Ellie Kitanidis , Abraham J. Fetterman

Language models (LMs) are statistical models trained to assign probability to human-generated text. As such, it is reasonable to question whether they approximate linguistic variability exhibited by humans well. This form of statistical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Evgenia Ilia , Wilker Aziz

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive achievements in solving a broad range of tasks. Augmented by instruction fine-tuning, LLMs have also been shown to generalize in zero-shot settings as well. However, whether LLMs closely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Noah Lee , Na Min An , James Thorne

Advances in the general capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have led to their use for information retrieval, and as components in automated decision systems. A faithful representation of probabilistic reasoning in these models may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Gabriel Freedman , Francesca Toni

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to be effective models of the human language system, with some models predicting most explainable variance of brain activity in current datasets. Even in untrained models, the representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Badr AlKhamissi , Greta Tuckute , Antoine Bosselut , Martin Schrimpf

In psycholinguistics, the creation of controlled materials is crucial to ensure that research outcomes are solely attributed to the intended manipulations and not influenced by extraneous factors. To achieve this, psycholinguists typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Samuel Joseph Amouyal , Aya Meltzer-Asscher , Jonathan Berant