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Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks on Tor can infer user destinations from encrypted traffic metadata. However, their real-world effectiveness remains debated due to laboratory settings that fail to capture network fluctuations, evaluate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohammadhamed Shadbeh , Khashayar Khajavi , Tao Wang

Website fingerprinting attack (WFA) aims to deanonymize the website a user is visiting through anonymous networks channels (e.g., Tor). Despite of remarkable progress in the past years, most existing methods make implicitly a couple of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Mantun Chen , Yongxin Chen , Yongjun Wang , Peidai Xie , Shaojing Fu , Xiatian Zhu

This paper presents a systematic evaluation of the privacy behaviors and attributes of eight recent, popular browser agents. Browser agents are software that automate Web browsing using large language models and ancillary tooling. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Alisha Ukani , Hamed Haddadi , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Peter Snyder

The World Wide Web's connectivity is greatly attributed to the HTTP protocol, with HTTP messages offering informative header fields that appeal to disciplines like web security and privacy, especially concerning web tracking. Despite…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Wolf Rieder , Philip Raschke , Thomas Cory

Network protocol fingerprinting is used to identify a protocol implementation by analyzing its input-output behavior. Traditionally, fingerprinting operates under a closed-world assumption, where models of all implementations are assumed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Loes Kruger , Paul Kobialka , Andrea Pferscher , Einar Broch Johnsen , Sebastian Junges , Jurriaan Rot

In response to the ePrivacy Directive and the consent requirements introduced by the GDPR, websites began deploying consent banners to obtain user permission for data collection and processing. However, due to shared third-party services…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Ali Rasaii , Ha Dao , Anja Feldmann , Mohammadmahdi Javid , Oliver Gasser , Devashish Gosain

Websites use third-party ads and tracking services to deliver targeted ads and collect information about users that visit them. These services put users' privacy at risk, and that is why users' demand for blocking these services is growing.…

Website fingerprinting (WF) is a well-know threat to users' web privacy. New internet standards, such as QUIC, include padding to support defenses against WF. Previous work only analyzes the effectiveness of defenses when users are behind a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Sandra Siby , Ludovic Barman , Christopher Wood , Marwan Fayed , Nick Sullivan , Carmela Troncoso

Automated analysis of privacy policies has proved a fruitful research direction, with developments such as automated policy summarization, question answering systems, and compliance detection. Prior research has been limited to analysis of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Ryan Amos , Gunes Acar , Eli Lucherini , Mihir Kshirsagar , Arvind Narayanan , Jonathan Mayer

While much current web privacy research focuses on browser fingerprinting, the boring fact is that the majority of current third-party web tracking is conducted using traditional, persistent-state identifiers. One possible explanation for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Jordan Jueckstock , Peter Snyder , Shaown Sarker , Alexandros Kapravelos , Benjamin Livshits

Browser fingerprinting defenses have historically focused on detecting JavaScript(JS)-based tracking techniques. However, the widespread adoption of WebAssembly (WASM) introduces a potential blind spot, as adversaries can convert JS to…

Automated traffic continued to surpass human-generated traffic on the web, and a rising proportion of this automation was explicitly malicious. Evasive bots could pretend to be real users, even solve Captchas and mimic human interaction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Ghalia Jarad , Kemal Bicakci

Due to the openness of the wireless medium, smartphone users are susceptible to user privacy attacks, where user privacy information is inferred from encrypted Wi-Fi wireless traffic. Existing attacks are limited to recognizing mobile apps…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Yong Huang , Zhibo Dong , Xiaoguang Yang , Dalong Zhang , Qingxian Wang , Zhihua Wang

Despite rapid progress in autonomous web agents, human involvement remains essential for shaping preferences and correcting agent behavior as tasks unfold. However, current agentic systems lack a principled understanding of when and why…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Faria Huq , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Zhanqiu Guo , Venu Arvind Arangarajan , Tianyue Ou , Frank Xu , Shuyan Zhou , Graham Neubig , Jeffrey P. Bigham

Web crawling is the problem of keeping a cache of webpages fresh, i.e., having the most recent copy available when a page is requested. This problem is usually coupled with the natural restriction that the bandwidth available to the web…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Utkarsh Upadhyay , Robert Busa-Fekete , Wojciech Kotlowski , David Pal , Balazs Szorenyi

This paper presents a large-scale analysis of fingerprinting-like behavior in the mobile application ecosystem. We take a market-based approach, focusing on third-party tracking as enabled by applications' common use of third-party SDKs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Michael A. Specter , Mihai Christodorescu , Abbie Farr , Bo Ma , Robin Lassonde , Xiaoyang Xu , Xiang Pan , Fengguo Wei , Saswat Anand , Dave Kleidermacher

User identification has been a major field of research in privacy and security topics. Users might utilize multiple Online Social Networks (OSNs) to access a variety of text, videos, and links, and connect to their friends. Identifying user…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yasamin Kowsari

Website fingerprinting attacks enable an adversary to infer which website a victim is visiting, even if the victim uses an encrypting proxy, such as Tor. Previous work has shown that all proposed defenses against website fingerprinting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-01-24 Xiang Cai , Rishab Nithyanand , Rob Johnson

With the growing use of popular social media services like Facebook and Twitter it is challenging to collect all content from the networks without access to the core infrastructure or paying for it. Thus, if all content cannot be collected…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-12-15 Fredrik Erlandsson , Piotr Bródka , Martin Boldt , Henric Johnson

Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR, AR) are increasingly gaining traction thanks to their technical advancement and the need for remote connections, recently accentuated by the pandemic. Remote surgery, telerobotics, and virtual offices are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Pier Paolo Tricomi , Federica Nenna , Luca Pajola , Mauro Conti , Luciano Gamberini