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AI browsing agents are an emerging class of AI-powered bots capable of autonomously navigating websites. Unlike traditional web bots, AI browsing agents typically operate using real browsers and perform everyday tasks, making them difficult…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ethan Wang , Zubair Shafiq , Yash Vekaria

To protect users' privacy, legislators have regulated the usage of tracking technologies, mandating the acquisition of users' consent before collecting data. Consequently, websites started showing more and more consent management modules --…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Nikhil Jha , Martino Trevisan , Luca Vassio , Marco Mellia

Over the past years, advertisement companies have used various tracking methods to persistently track users across the web. Such tracking methods usually include first and third-party cookies, cookie synchronization, as well as a variety of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Paschalis Bekos , Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Evangelos P. Markatos , Nicolas Kourtellis

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks identify the websites visited over anonymized connections by analyzing patterns in network traffic flows, such as packet sizes, directions, or interval times using a machine learning classifier. Previous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Chuxu Song , Zining Fan , Hao Wang , Richard Martin

Website Fingerprinting (WF) is considered a major threat to the anonymity of Tor users (and other anonymity systems). While state-of-the-art WF techniques have claimed high attack accuracies, e.g., by leveraging Deep Neural Networks (DNN),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Alireza Bahramali , Ardavan Bozorgi , Amir Houmansadr

Web tracking has been extensively studied over the last decade. To detect tracking, previous studies and user tools rely on filter lists. However, it has been shown that filter lists miss trackers. In this paper, we propose an alternative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Imane Fouad , Nataliia Bielova , Arnaud Legout , Natasa Sarafijanovic-Djukic

Browser fingerprinting consists into collecting attributes from a web browser. Hundreds of attributes have been discovered through the years. Each one of them provides a way to distinguish browsers, but also comes with a usability cost…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Nampoina Andriamilanto , Tristan Allard , Gaëtan Le Guelvouit

Parallel to our physical activities our virtual presence also leaves behind our unique digital fingerprints, while navigating on the Internet. These digital fingerprints have the potential to unveil users' activities encompassing browsing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Blerim Rexha , Arbena Musa , Kamer Vishi , Edlira Martiri

Online tracking has become of increasing concern in recent years, however our understanding of its extent to date has been limited to snapshots from web crawls. Previous at-tempts to measure the tracking ecosystem, have been done using…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Arjaldo Karaj , Sam Macbeth , Rémi Berson , Josep M. Pujol

Website fingerprinting attacks, which use statistical analysis on network traffic to compromise user privacy, have been shown to be effective even if the traffic is sent over anonymity-preserving networks such as Tor. The classical attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Anatoly Shusterman , Lachlan Kang , Yarden Haskal , Yosef Meltser , Prateek Mittal , Yossi Oren , Yuval Yarom

We measure how effective Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) are at protecting users from website fingerprinting. Our measurements use both experimental and observational methods. Experimental methods allow control, precision, and use on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Amit Datta , Jianan Lu , Michael Carl Tschantz

Web client fingerprinting has become a widely used technique for uniquely identifying users, browsers, operating systems, and devices with high accuracy. While it is beneficial for applications such as fraud detection and personalized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mordechai Guri , Dor Fibert

Traffic analysis attacks to identify which web page a client is browsing, using only her packet metadata --- known as website fingerprinting --- has been proven effective in closed-world experiments against privacy technologies like Tor.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-16 Tao Wang

While privacy-focused browsers have taken steps to block third-party cookies and mitigate browser fingerprinting, novel tracking techniques that can bypass existing countermeasures continue to emerge. Since trackers need to share…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Shaoor Munir , Patrick Lee , Umar Iqbal , Zubair Shafiq , Sandra Siby

Spambot detection in online social networks is a long-lasting challenge involving the study and design of detection techniques capable of efficiently identifying ever-evolving spammers. Recently, a new wave of social spambots has emerged,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Stefano Cresci , Roberto Di Pietro , Marinella Petrocchi , Angelo Spognardi , Maurizio Tesconi

During the past few years, mostly as a result of the GDPR and the CCPA, websites have started to present users with cookie consent banners. These banners are web forms where the users can state their preference and declare which cookies…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Emmanouil Papadogiannakis , Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Nicolas Kourtellis , Evangelos P. Markatos

We perform a large-scale analysis of third-party trackers on the World Wide Web from more than 3.5 billion web pages of the CommonCrawl 2012 corpus. We extract a dataset containing more than 140 million third-party embeddings in over 41…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-08-01 Sebastian Schelter , Jérôme Kunegis

As the web moves away from stateful tracking, browser fingerprinting is becoming more prevalent. Unfortunately, existing approaches to detect browser fingerprinting do not take into account potential evasion tactics such as code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Ray Ngan , Surya Konkimalla , Zubair Shafiq

We examine WebRTC's suitability as a means of Internet censorship circumvention. WebRTC is a framework and suite of protocols for peer-to-peer communication between web browsers. We analyze the implementation differences in instantiations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-31 David Fifield , Mia Gil Epner

Users' website browsing history contains sensitive information, like health conditions, political interests, financial situations, etc. Some recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of inferring website fingerprints based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Han Wang