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Recently, remarkable progress has been made over large language models (LLMs), demonstrating their unprecedented capability in varieties of natural language tasks. However, completely training a large general-purpose model from the scratch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yushan Jiang , Zijie Pan , Xikun Zhang , Sahil Garg , Anderson Schneider , Yuriy Nevmyvaka , Dongjin Song

Time-series reasoning remains a significant challenge in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) due to the dynamic temporal patterns, ambiguous semantics, and lack of temporal priors. In this work, we introduce TimeMaster, a reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Junru Zhang , Lang Feng , Xu Guo , Yuhan Wu , Yabo Dong , Duanqing Xu

Time series analysis is essential for comprehending the complexities inherent in various realworld systems and applications. Although large language models (LLMs) have recently made significant strides, the development of artificial general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Ming Jin , Yifan Zhang , Wei Chen , Kexin Zhang , Yuxuan Liang , Bin Yang , Jindong Wang , Shirui Pan , Qingsong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer the potential for automatic time series analysis and reporting, which is a critical task across many domains, spanning healthcare, finance, climate, energy, and many more. In this paper, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Elizabeth Fons , Rachneet Kaur , Soham Palande , Zhen Zeng , Tucker Balch , Manuela Veloso , Svitlana Vyetrenko

Humans continuously make new discoveries, and understanding temporal sequence of events leading to these breakthroughs is essential for advancing science and society. This ability to reason over time allows us to identify future steps and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Abhilash Shankarampeta , Harsh Mahajan , Tushar Kataria , Dan Roth , Vivek Gupta

Reasoning is central to human intelligence, enabling structured problem-solving across diverse tasks. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have greatly enhanced their reasoning abilities in arithmetic, commonsense, and symbolic…

Recent advances in multimodal time series learning underscore a paradigm shift from analytics centered on basic patterns toward advanced time series understanding and reasoning. However, existing multimodal time series datasets mostly…

The proliferation of time series foundation models has created a landscape where no single method achieves consistent superiority, framing the central challenge not as finding the best model, but as orchestrating an optimal ensemble with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Defu Cao , Michael Gee , Jinbo Liu , Hengxuan Wang , Wei Yang , Rui Wang , Yan Liu

Comprehensive understanding of time series remains a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). Current research is hindered by fragmented task definitions and benchmarks with inherent ambiguities, precluding rigorous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yueyang Ding , HaoPeng Zhang , Rui Dai , Yi Wang , Tianyu Zong , Kaikui Liu , Xiangxiang Chu

Time series forecasting holds significant importance in many real-world dynamic systems and has been extensively studied. Unlike natural language process (NLP) and computer vision (CV), where a single large model can tackle multiple tasks,…

Temporal reasoning is a crucial NLP task, providing a nuanced understanding of time-sensitive contexts within textual data. Although recent advancements in LLMs have demonstrated their potential in temporal reasoning, the predominant focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Chenhan Yuan , Qianqian Xie , Jimin Huang , Sophia Ananiadou

The adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to time series forecasting poses unique challenges, as time series data is continuous in nature, while LLMs operate on discrete tokens. Despite the success of LLMs in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Taibiao Zhao , Xiaobing Chen , Mingxuan Sun

Time series data plays a critical role across diverse domains such as healthcare, energy, and finance, where tasks like classification, anomaly detection, and forecasting are essential for informed decision-making. Recently, large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Francis Tang , Ying Ding

Multi-modal language model has made advanced progress in vision and audio, but still faces significant challenges in dealing with complex reasoning tasks in the time series domain. The reasons are twofold. First, labels for multi-modal time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Haochuan Zhang , Chunhua Yang , Jie Han , Liyang Qin , Xiaoli Wang

Time series are ubiquitous in real-world scenarios and crucial for applications ranging from energy management to traffic control. Consequently, the ability to reason over time series is a fundamental skill for generalist models to solve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Fangxu Yu , Xingang Guo , Lingzhi Yuan , Haoqiang Kang , Hongyu Zhao , Lianhui Qin , Furong Huang , Bin Hu , Tianyi Zhou

The temporal aspect is a significant dimension of our reality. We notice the challenge that large language models (LLMs) face when engaging in temporal reasoning. Our preliminary experiments show that methods involving the generation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xingxuan Li , Liying Cheng , Qingyu Tan , Hwee Tou Ng , Shafiq Joty , Lidong Bing

Temporal Reasoning (TR) is a critical ability for LLMs to understand and reason over temporal information and relationships between events. To study the TR ability in LLMs, prior works provide different ways for evaluating various aspects…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Weizhi Tang , Kwabena Nuamah , Vaishak Belle

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been applied to time series forecasting tasks, leveraging pre-trained language models as the backbone and incorporating textual data to purportedly enhance the comprehensive capabilities of LLMs for time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Zhengke Sun , Hangwei Qian , Ivor Tsang

Time series analysis is pivotal in domains like financial forecasting and biomedical monitoring, yet traditional methods are constrained by limited nonlinear feature representation and long-term dependency capture. The emergence of Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Feifei Shi , Xueyan Yin , Kang Wang , Wanyu Tu , Qifu Sun , Huansheng Ning

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen significant use in domains such as natural language processing and computer vision. Going beyond text, image and graphics, LLMs present a significant potential for analysis of time series data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Xiyuan Zhang , Ranak Roy Chowdhury , Rajesh K. Gupta , Jingbo Shang