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Diffusion bridge models offer a powerful framework for connecting two data distributions, such as in image restoration and translation. Many existing methods learn this bridge by mimicking the score-matching formulation of standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yurong Gao , Zicheng Zhang , Congying Han , Tiande Guo , Xinmin Qiu

We address the practical problems of estimating the information relations that characterize large networks. Building on methods developed for analysis of the neural code, we show that reliable estimates of mutual information can be obtained…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Noam Slonim , Gurinder S. Atwal , Gasper Tkacik , William Bialek

Estimating mutual information (MI) between two continuous random variables $X$ and $Y$ allows to capture non-linear dependencies between them, non-parametrically. As such, MI estimation lies at the core of many data science applications.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Alexander Marx , Jonas Fischer

We consider the problem of simulating diffusion bridges, which are diffusion processes that are conditioned to initialize and terminate at two given states. The simulation of diffusion bridges has applications in diverse scientific fields…

Computation · Statistics 2025-06-19 Jeremy Heng , Valentin De Bortoli , Arnaud Doucet , James Thornton

Understanding dependencies between variables is critical for interpretability and efficient generation in masked diffusion models (MDMs), yet these models primarily expose marginal conditional distributions and do not explicitly represent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jai Sharma , Yifan Wang , Bryan Li

As a fundamental concept in information theory, mutual information ($MI$) has been commonly applied to quantify association between random vectors. Most existing nonparametric estimators of $MI$ have unstable statistical performance since…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-19 Soumik Purkayastha , Peter X. K. Song

The Mutual Information (MI) is an often used measure of dependency between two random variables utilized in information theory, statistics and machine learning. Recently several MI estimators have been proposed that can achieve parametric…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Morteza Noshad , Yu Zeng , Alfred O. Hero

Modality translation is inherently under-constrained, as multiple cross-modal mappings may yield the same marginals. Recent work has shown that diffusion bridges are effective for this task. However, most existing approaches rely on fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Eitan Kosman , Gabriele Serussi , Chaim Baskin

Mutual Information (MI) is an useful tool for the recognition of mutual dependence berween data sets. Differen methods for the estimation of MI have been developed when both data sets are discrete or when both data sets are continuous. The…

Applications · Statistics 2017-08-30 Miguel A. Ré , Guillermo G. Aguirre Varela

Density ratio estimation is fundamental to tasks involving $f$-divergences, yet existing methods often fail under significantly different distributions or inadequately overlapping supports -- the density-chasm and the support-chasm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Wei Chen , Shigui Li , Jiacheng Li , Junmei Yang , John Paisley , Delu Zeng

Recent contrastive representation learning methods rely on estimating mutual information (MI) between multiple views of an underlying context. E.g., we can derive multiple views of a given image by applying data augmentation, or we can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Alessandro Sordoni , Nouha Dziri , Hannes Schulz , Geoff Gordon , Phil Bachman , Remi Tachet

Measuring model performance is a key issue for deep learning practitioners. However, we often lack the ability to explain why a specific architecture attains superior predictive accuracy for a given data set. Often, validation accuracy is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Marius C. Landverk , Signe Riemer-Sørensen

The use of Mutual Information (MI) as a measure to evaluate the efficiency of cryptosystems has an extensive history. However, estimating MI between unknown random variables in a high-dimensional space is challenging. Recent advances in…

Denoising diffusion models have spurred significant gains in density modeling and image generation, precipitating an industrial revolution in text-guided AI art generation. We introduce a new mathematical foundation for diffusion models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Xianghao Kong , Rob Brekelmans , Greg Ver Steeg

Mutual information is widely used in artificial intelligence, in a descriptive way, to measure the stochastic dependence of discrete random variables. In order to address questions such as the reliability of the empirical value, one must…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-06-26 Marco Zaffalon , Marcus Hutter

Mutual information is widely used in artificial intelligence, in a descriptive way, to measure the stochastic dependence of discrete random variables. In order to address questions such as the reliability of the empirical value, one must…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-08 Marco Zaffalon , Marcus Hutter

The conditional mutual information I(X;Y|Z) measures the average information that X and Y contain about each other given Z. This is an important primitive in many learning problems including conditional independence testing, graphical model…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-16 Arman Rahimzamani , Sreeram Kannan

We provide an information-theoretic framework for studying the generalization properties of machine learning algorithms. Our framework ties together existing approaches, including uniform convergence bounds and recent methods for adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Thomas Steinke , Lydia Zakynthinou

The ability to understand and solve high-dimensional inference problems is essential for modern data science. This article examines high-dimensional inference problems through the lens of information theory and focuses on the standard…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Galen Reeves , Henry Pfister

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides crucial insights into the microstructure of the human brain, but it can be time-consuming to acquire compared to more readily available T1-weighted (T1w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shaorong Zhang , Tamoghna Chattopadhyay , Sophia I. Thomopoulos , Jose-Luis Ambite , Paul M. Thompson , Greg Ver Steeg