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Diffusion bridge models in both continuous and discrete state spaces have recently become powerful tools in the field of generative modeling. In this work, we leverage the discrete state space formulation of bridge matching models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Iryna Zabarianska , Sergei Kholkin , Grigoriy Ksenofontov , Ivan Butakov , Alexander Korotin

Estimating mutual information (MI) is a fundamental yet challenging task in data science and machine learning. This work proposes a new estimator for mutual information. Our main discovery is that a preliminary estimate of the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yanzhi Chen , Zijing Ou , Adrian Weller , Yingzhen Li

Mutual information (MI) is one of the most general ways to measure relationships between random variables, but estimating this quantity for complex systems is challenging. Denoising diffusion models have recently set a new bar for density…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Longxuan Yu , Xing Shi , Xianghao Kong , Tong Jia , Greg Ver Steeg

Estimating Mutual Information (MI), a key measure of dependence of random quantities without specific modelling assumptions, is a challenging problem in high dimensions. We propose a novel mutual information estimator based on parametrizing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Haoran Ni , Martin Lotz

We introduce a novel Mutual Information (MI) estimator that fundamentally reframes the discriminative approach. Instead of training a classifier to discriminate between joint and marginal distributions, we learn a normalizing flow that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ivan Butakov , Alexander Semenenko , Valeriya Kirova , Alexey Frolov , Ivan Oseledets

Estimating mutual information between continuous random variables is often intractable and extremely challenging for high-dimensional data. Recent progress has leveraged neural networks to optimize variational lower bounds on mutual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Ruizhi Liao , Daniel Moyer , Polina Golland , William M. Wells

Estimating mutual information (MI) is a fundamental task in data science and machine learning. Existing estimators mainly rely on either highly flexible models (e.g., neural networks), which require large amounts of data, or overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yanzhi Chen , Zijing Ou , Adrian Weller , Michael U. Gutmann

Mutual information is a general statistical dependency measure which has found applications in representation learning, causality, domain generalization and computational biology. However, mutual information estimators are typically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-17 Paweł Czyż , Frederic Grabowski , Julia E. Vogt , Niko Beerenwinkel , Alexander Marx

Estimating mutual information accurately is pivotal across diverse applications, from machine learning to communications and biology, enabling us to gain insights into the inner mechanisms of complex systems. Yet, dealing with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Nunzio A. Letizia , Nicola Novello , Andrea M. Tonello

Recently, Mutual Information (MI) has attracted attention in bounding the generalization error of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, it is intractable to accurately estimate the MI in DNNs, thus most previous works have to relax the MI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Xinjie Lan , Kenneth Barner

In this work we present a new method for the estimation of Mutual Information (MI) between random variables. Our approach is based on an original interpretation of the Girsanov theorem, which allows us to use score-based diffusion models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Giulio Franzese , Mustapha Bounoua , Pietro Michiardi

Mutual information (MI) is a fundamental measure of statistical dependence between two variables, yet accurate estimation from finite data remains notoriously difficult. No estimator is universally reliable, and common approaches fail in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-10-02 Eslam Abdelaleem , K. Michael Martini , Ilya Nemenman

We propose a novel approach to the problem of mutual information (MI) estimation via introducing a family of estimators based on normalizing flows. The estimator maps original data to the target distribution, for which MI is easier to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Ivan Butakov , Alexander Tolmachev , Sofia Malanchuk , Anna Neopryatnaya , Alexey Frolov

Variational approaches based on neural networks are showing promise for estimating mutual information (MI) between high dimensional variables. However, they can be difficult to use in practice due to poorly understood bias/variance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Jiaming Song , Stefano Ermon

Estimating and optimizing Mutual Information (MI) is core to many problems in machine learning; however, bounding MI in high dimensions is challenging. To establish tractable and scalable objectives, recent work has turned to variational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Ben Poole , Sherjil Ozair , Aaron van den Oord , Alexander A. Alemi , George Tucker

Mutual information (MI) is a useful information-theoretic measure to quantify the statistical dependence between two random variables: $X$ and $Y$. Often, we are interested in understanding how the dependence between $X$ and $Y$ in one set…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Chetan Gohil , Oliver M Cliff , James M. Shine , Ben D. Fulcher , Joseph T. Lizier

Recent advances in statistical learning theory have revealed profound connections between mutual information (MI) bounds, PAC-Bayesian theory, and Bayesian nonparametrics. This work introduces a novel mutual information bound for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-18 El Mahdi Khribch , Pierre Alquier

Mutual Information (MI) is a fundamental metric for quantifying dependency between two random variables. When we can access only the samples, but not the underlying distribution functions, we can evaluate MI using sample-based estimators.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-16 Kyungeun Lee , Wonjong Rhee

Bridge models in image restoration construct a diffusion process from degraded to clear images. However, existing methods typically require training a bridge model from scratch for each specific type of degradation, resulting in high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hanting Wang , Tao Jin , Wang Lin , Shulei Wang , Hai Huang , Shengpeng Ji , Zhou Zhao

Diffusion models demonstrate remarkable capabilities in capturing complex data distributions and have achieved compelling results in many generative tasks. While they have recently been extended to dense prediction tasks such as depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Haorui Ji , Taojun Lin , Hongdong Li
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