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Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized many areas (e.g. natural language processing, software engineering, etc.) by achieving state-of-the-art performance on extensive downstream tasks. Aiming to achieve robust and general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Zhiming Li , Yushi Cao , Xiufeng Xu , Junzhe Jiang , Xu Liu , Yon Shin Teo , Shang-wei Lin , Yang Liu

This survey paper outlines the key developments in the field of Large Language Models (LLMs), including enhancements to their reasoning skills, adaptability to various tasks, increased computational efficiency, and the ability to make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Asifullah Khan , Muhammad Zaeem Khan , Aleesha Zainab , Saleha Jamshed , Sadia Ahmad , Kaynat Khatib , Faria Bibi , Abdul Rehman

Analogical reasoning -- the capacity to identify and map structural relationships between different domains -- is fundamental to human cognition and learning. Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) can sometimes match…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sam Musker , Alex Duchnowski , Raphaël Millière , Ellie Pavlick

For human cognitive process, spatial reasoning and perception are closely entangled, yet the nature of this interplay remains underexplored in the evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). While recent MLLM advancements show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Chengzu Li , Wenshan Wu , Huanyu Zhang , Qingtao Li , Zeyu Gao , Yan Xia , José Hernández-Orallo , Ivan Vulić , Furu Wei

A growing body of work attempts to evaluate the theory of mind (ToM) abilities of humans and large language models (LLMs) using static, non-interactive question-and-answer benchmarks. However, theoretical work in the field suggests that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Jared Moore , Rasmus Overmark , Ned Cooper , Beba Cibralic , Nick Haber , Cameron R. Jones

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in general vision-language tasks. However, recent studies have exposed critical limitations in their spatial reasoning capabilities. This deficiency in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Huanyu Zhang , Chengzu Li , Wenshan Wu , Shaoguang Mao , Yifan Zhang , Haochen Tian , Ivan Vulić , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan , Furu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing every aspect of society. They are increasingly used in problem-solving tasks to substitute human assessment and reasoning. LLMs are trained on what humans write and are thus exposed to human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Fengfei Sun , Ningke Li , Kailong Wang , Lorenz Goette

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to domains that require reasoning about other agents' behavior, such as negotiation, policy design, and market simulation, yet existing research has mostly evaluated their adherence to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Enric Junque de Fortuny , Veronica Roberta Cappelli

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in situations where human values are at stake, such as decision-making tasks that involve reasoning when performed by humans. We investigate the so-called reasoning capabilities of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Nathaniël de Leeuw , Marceau Nahon , Mathis Reymond , Raja Chatila , Mehdi Khamassi

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have propelled the capabilities of Large Language Models, yet their ability to mimic nuanced human reasoning remains limited. This paper introduces a novel conceptual enhancement to LLMs,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Sumedh Rasal

Human decision-making belongs to the foundation of our society and civilization, but we are on the verge of a future where much of it will be delegated to artificial intelligence. The arrival of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Hao Li , Gengrui Zhang , Petter Holme , Shuyue Hu , Zhen Wang

Personality traits have long been studied as predictors of human behavior. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) suggest similar patterns may emerge in artificial systems, with advanced LLMs displaying consistent behavioral…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Pengrui Han , Rafal Kocielnik , Peiyang Song , Ramit Debnath , Dean Mobbs , Anima Anandkumar , R. Michael Alvarez

Personalization is a critical task in modern intelligent systems, with applications spanning diverse domains, including interactions with large language models (LLMs). Recent advances in reasoning capabilities have significantly enhanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Sichun Luo , Guanzhi Deng , Jian Xu , Xiaojie Zhang , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) are effective at deceiving, when prompted to do so. But under what conditions do they deceive spontaneously? Models that demonstrate better performance on reasoning tasks are also better at prompted deception.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Samuel M. Taylor , Benjamin K. Bergen

Since the advent of ChatGPT, Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled in various tasks but remain as black-box systems. Understanding the reasoning bottlenecks of LLMs has become a critical challenge, as these limitations are deeply tied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zifan Zheng , Yezhaohui Wang , Yuxin Huang , Shichao Song , Mingchuan Yang , Bo Tang , Feiyu Xiong , Zhiyu Li

Reasoning is an important task for large language models (LLMs). Among all the reasoning paradigms, inductive reasoning is one of the fundamental types, which is characterized by its particular-to-general thinking process and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Kedi Chen , Dezhao Ruan , Yuhao Dan , Yaoting Wang , Siyu Yan , Xuecheng Wu , Yinqi Zhang , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He , Biqing Qi , Linyang Li , Qipeng Guo , Xiaoming Shi , Wei Zhang

This paper argues that Large Language Models (LLMs) should incorporate explicit mechanisms for human empathy. As LLMs become increasingly deployed in high-stakes human-centered settings, their success depends not only on correctness or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaoxing You , Qiang Huang , Jun Yu

The development of highly fluent large language models (LLMs) has prompted increased interest in assessing their reasoning and problem-solving capabilities. We investigate whether several LLMs can solve a classic type of deductive reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Spencer M. Seals , Valerie L. Shalin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across diverse domains, yet they still encounter challenges such as insufficient domain-specific knowledge, biases, and hallucinations. This underscores the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Hongliu Cao , Ilias Driouich , Robin Singh , Eoin Thomas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been touted as AI models possessing advanced reasoning abilities. However, recent works have shown that LLMs often bypass true reasoning using shortcuts, sparking skepticism. To study the reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Rishi Hazra , Gabriele Venturato , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Luc De Raedt