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Constructing the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) for long strings poses significant challenges regarding construction time and memory usage. We use a prefix of the suffix array to partition a long string into shorter substrings, thereby…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Enno Adler , Stefan Böttcher , Rita Hartel

In order to avoid the reference bias introduced by mapping reads to a reference genome, bioinformaticians are investigating reference-free methods for analyzing sequenced genomes. With large projects sequencing thousands of individuals,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-01-15 Jouni Sirén

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) serves as the basis for many important sequence indexes. On very large datasets (e.g. genomic databases), classical BWT construction algorithms are often infeasible because they usually need to have the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jannik Olbrich

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is among the most influential discoveries in text compression and DNA storage. It is a reversible preprocessing step that rearranges an $n$-letter string into runs of identical characters (by exploiting…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Sandip Sinha , Omri Weinstein

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is a word transformation introduced in 1994 for Data Compression. It has become a fundamental tool for designing self-indexing data structures, with important applications in several area in science and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Raffaele Giancarlo , Giovanni Manzini , Antonio Restivo , Giovanna Rosone , Marinella Sciortino

Due to the exponential growth of genomic data, constructing dedicated data structures has become the principal bottleneck in common bioinformatics applications. In particular, the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is the basis of some of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Francesco Masillo

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is often taught in undergraduate courses on algorithmic bioinformatics, because it underlies the FM-index and thus important tools such as Bowtie and BWA. Its admirers consider the BWT a thing of beauty…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Travis Gagie , Giovanni Manzini , Marinella Sciortino

Introduced about thirty years ago in the field of Data Compression, the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is a string transformation that, besides being a booster of the performance of memoryless compressors, plays a fundamental role in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Raffaele Giancarlo , Giovanni Manzini , Antonio Restivo , Giovanna Rosone , Marinella Sciortino

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is an efficient invertible text transformation algorithm with the properties of tending to group identical characters together in a run, and enabling search of the text. This transformation has extensive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Lily Major , Dave Davies , Amanda Clare , Jacqueline W. Daykin , Benjamin Mora , Christine Zarges

Motivation The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is the foundation of many algorithms for compression and indexing of text data, but the cost of computing the BWT of very large string collections has prevented these techniques from being…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Anthony J. Cox , Markus J. Bauer , Tobias Jakobi , Giovanna Rosone

The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is a permutation whose applications are prevalent in data compression and text indexing. The bijective BWT (BBWT) is a bijective variant of it. Although it is known that the BWT can be constructed in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Hideo Bannai , Juha Kärkkäinen , Dominik Köppl , Marcin Picatkowski

Motivation: Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is a common component in full-text indices. Initially developed for data compression, it is particularly powerful for encoding redundant sequences such as pangenome data. However, BWT construction…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-10 Heng Li

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform is a string transformation that plays a fundamental role for the design of self-indexing compressed data structures. Over the years, researchers have successfully extended this transformation outside the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Raffaele Giancarlo , Giovanni Manzini , Giovanna Rosone , Marinella Sciortino

Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is an invertible text transformation that, given a text $T$ of length $n$, permutes its symbols according to the lexicographic order of suffixes of $T$. BWT is one of the most heavily studied algorithms in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

We present a new semi-external algorithm that builds the Burrows--Wheeler transform variant of Bauer et al. (a.k.a., BCR BWT) in linear expected time. Our method uses compression techniques to reduce computational costs when the input is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Diego Díaz-Domínguez , Gonzalo Navarro

The Burrows-Wheeler-Transform (BWT) is an invertible permutation of a text known to be highly compressible but also useful for sequence analysis, what makes the BWT highly attractive for lossless data compression. In this paper, we present…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-06 Uwe Baier

Popular sequence alignment tools such as BWA convert a reference genome to an indexing data structure based on the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT), from which matches to individual query sequences can be rapidly determined. However the…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2013-04-23 Anthony J. Cox , Tobias Jakobi , Giovanna Rosone , Ole B. Schulz-Trieglaff

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is an invertible text transformation that permutes symbols of a text according to the lexicographical order of its suffixes. BWT is the main component of popular lossless compression programs (such as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

One of the most well-known variants of the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) [Burrows and Wheeler, 1994] is the bijective BWT (BBWT) [Gil and Scott, arXiv 2012], which applies the extended BWT (EBWT) [Mantaci et al., TCS 2007] to the multiset…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Dominik Köppl , Daiki Hashimoto , Diptarama Hendrian , Ayumi Shinohara

The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is a well studied text transformation widely used in data compression and text indexing. The BWT of two strings can also provide similarity measures between them, based on the observation that the more…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Felipe A. Louza , Guilherme P. Telles , Simon Gog , Liang Zhao
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