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Related papers: Factual Knowledge in Language Models: Robustness a…

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Knowledge-intensive language understanding tasks require Language Models (LMs) to integrate relevant context, mitigating their inherent weaknesses, such as incomplete or outdated knowledge. However, conflicting knowledge can be present in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Sara Vera Marjanović , Haeun Yu , Pepa Atanasova , Maria Maistro , Christina Lioma , Isabelle Augenstein

Ensuring the robustness of factual knowledge in LLMs is critical for reliable applications in tasks such as question answering and reasoning. However, existing evaluation methods predominantly focus on performance-based metrics, often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Alina Fastowski , Bardh Prenkaj , Gjergji Kasneci

Large language models (LLMs) often present answers with high apparent confidence despite lacking an explicit mechanism for reasoning about certainty or truth. While existing benchmarks primarily evaluate single-turn accuracy, truthfulness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Mohammadreza Saadat , Steve Nemzer

Large language models (LLMs) show strong reasoning abilities across diverse tasks, yet their performance on extended contexts remains inconsistent. While prior research has emphasized mid-context degradation in question answering, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Pietro Bernardelle , Stefano Civelli , Kevin Roitero , Gianluca Demartini

As language models (LMs) become integral to fields like healthcare, law, and journalism, their ability to differentiate between fact, belief, and knowledge is essential for reliable decision-making. Failure to grasp these distinctions can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mirac Suzgun , Tayfun Gur , Federico Bianchi , Daniel E. Ho , Thomas Icard , Dan Jurafsky , James Zou

This survey addresses the crucial issue of factuality in Large Language Models (LLMs). As LLMs find applications across diverse domains, the reliability and accuracy of their outputs become vital. We define the Factuality Issue as the…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly ubiquitous, yet their ability to retain and reason about temporal information remains limited, hindering their application in real-world scenarios where understanding the sequential nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Himanshu Beniwal , Dishant Patel , Kowsik Nandagopan D , Hritik Ladia , Ankit Yadav , Mayank Singh

Over the past few years, the abilities of large language models (LLMs) have received extensive attention, which have performed exceptionally well in complicated scenarios such as logical reasoning and symbolic inference. A significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Junbing Yan , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Wei Zhang

Large language models have demonstrated impressive retrieval-augmented capabilities. However, a crucial area remains underexplored: their ability to appropriately adapt responses to the certainty of the retrieved information. It is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Behzad Shayegh , Mohamed Osama Ahmed , Fred Tung , Leo Feng

Recent zero-shot evaluations have highlighted important limitations in the abilities of language models (LMs) to perform meaning extraction. However, it is now well known that LMs can demonstrate radical improvements in the presence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Kanishka Misra , Allyson Ettinger , Kyle Mahowald

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate partial forecasting competence across social, political, and economic events. Yet, their predictive ability varies sharply with domain structure and prompt framing. We investigate how forecasting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Chinmay Karkar , Paras Chopra

Large language models (LLMs) have led to a series of breakthroughs in natural language processing (NLP), owing to their excellent understanding and generation abilities. Remarkably, what further sets these models apart is the massive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Daliang Li , Ankit Singh Rawat , Manzil Zaheer , Xin Wang , Michal Lukasik , Andreas Veit , Felix Yu , Sanjiv Kumar

Language Models (LMs) become outdated as the world changes; they often fail to perform tasks requiring recent factual information which was absent or different during training, a phenomenon called temporal misalignment. This is especially a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Joel Jang , Seonghyeon Ye , Changho Lee , Sohee Yang , Joongbo Shin , Janghoon Han , Gyeonghun Kim , Minjoon Seo

Large Language Models (LLMs) store an extensive amount of factual knowledge obtained from vast collections of text. To effectively utilize these models for downstream tasks, it is crucial to have reliable methods for measuring their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Pouya Pezeshkpour

Language models (LMs) have been used in cognitive modeling as well as engineering studies -- they compute information-theoretic complexity metrics that simulate humans' cognitive load during reading. This study highlights a limitation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Yohei Oseki , Ana Brassard , Kentaro Inui

The veracity of a factoid is largely independent of the language it is written in. However, language models are inconsistent in their ability to answer the same factual question across languages. This raises questions about how LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Maxim Ifergan , Leshem Choshen , Roee Aharoni , Idan Szpektor , Omri Abend

Who is the US President? The answer changes depending on when the question is asked. While large language models (LLMs) are evaluated on various reasoning tasks, they often miss a crucial dimension: time. In real-world scenarios, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 David Herel , Vojtech Bartek , Jiri Jirak , Tomas Mikolov

This study investigates the reasoning robustness of large language models (LLMs) on mathematical problem-solving tasks under systematically introduced input perturbations. Using the GSM8K dataset as a controlled testbed, we evaluate how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Giannis Chatziveroglou , Richard Yun , Maura Kelleher

For Large Language Models (LLMs) to be reliable, they must learn robust knowledge that can be generally applied in diverse settings -- often unlike those seen during training. Yet, extensive research has shown that LLM performance can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Patrick Haller , Mark Ibrahim , Polina Kirichenko , Levent Sagun , Samuel J. Bell

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly strong contenders in machine translation. In this work, we focus on document-level translation, where some words cannot be translated without context from outside the sentence. Specifically, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Wafaa Mohammed , Vlad Niculae