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While crowdsourcing has emerged as a practical solution for labeling large datasets, it presents a significant challenge in learning accurate models due to noisy labels from annotators with varying levels of expertise. Existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Hui Guo , Grace Y. Yi , Boyu Wang

Multi-label text classification (MLTC) is the task of assigning multiple labels to a given text, and has a wide range of application domains. Most existing approaches require an enormous amount of annotated data to learn a classifier and/or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Muberra Ozmen , Joseph Cotnareanu , Mark Coates

Conventional multi-label classification (MLC) methods assume that all samples are fully labeled and identically distributed. Unfortunately, this assumption is unrealistic in large-scale MLC data that has long-tailed (LT) distribution and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Wenqiao Zhang , Changshuo Liu , Lingze Zeng , Beng Chin Ooi , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Large-scale Multi-label Text Classification (LMTC) has a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications and presents interesting challenges. First, not all labels are well represented in the training set, due to the very large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ilias Chalkidis , Manos Fergadiotis , Sotiris Kotitsas , Prodromos Malakasiotis , Nikolaos Aletras , Ion Androutsopoulos

Long-tailed data is prevalent in real-world classification tasks and heavily relies on supervised information, which makes the annotation process exceptionally labor-intensive and time-consuming. Unfortunately, despite being a common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Meng Wei , Zhongnian Li , Yong Zhou , Xinzheng Xu

In multi-task learning, labels are often missing irregularly across samples, which can be fully labeled, partially labeled or unlabeled. The irregular label presence often appears in scientific studies due to experimental limitations. It…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Mingqian Li , Qiao Han , Ruifeng Li , Yao Yang , Hongyang Chen

Label learning is a fundamental task in machine learning that aims to construct intelligent models using labeled data, encompassing traditional single-label and multi-label classification models. Traditional methods typically rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Chenxi Luoa , Zhuangzhuang Zhaoa , Zhaohong Denga , Te Zhangb

Annotating data for sensitive labels (e.g., disease, smoking) poses a potential threats to individual privacy in many real-world scenarios. To cope with this problem, we propose a novel setting to protect privacy of each instance, namely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Zhongnian Li , Meng Wei , Peng Ying , Tongfeng Sun , Xinzheng Xu

In recent years there is a surge of interest in applying distant supervision (DS) to automatically generate training data for relation extraction (RE). In this paper, we study the problem what limits the performance of DS-trained neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Qinyuan Ye , Liyuan Liu , Maosen Zhang , Xiang Ren

Real-world data often contains intrinsic ambiguity that the common single-hard-label annotation paradigm ignores. Standard training using ambiguous data with these hard labels may produce overly confident models and thus leading to poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Zeke Xie , Zheng He , Nan Lu , Lichen Bai , Bao Li , Shuo Yang , Mingming Sun , Ping Li

In supervised machine learning, models are typically trained using data with hard labels, i.e., definite assignments of class membership. This traditional approach, however, does not take the inherent uncertainty in these labels into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Sjoerd de Vries , Dirk Thierens

Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) have achieved excellent recognition performance in various visual recognition tasks. A large labeled training set is one of the most important factors for its success. However, it is difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Bin-Bin Gao , Chao Xing , Chen-Wei Xie , Jianxin Wu , Xin Geng

Modern neural network architectures have shown remarkable success in several large-scale classification and prediction tasks. Part of the success of these architectures is their flexibility to transform the data from the raw input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Xiao Yu , Nakul Verma

Predictive models trained on imbalanced data tend to produce biased results. This problem is exacerbated when there is not just one output label, but a set of them. This is the case for multilabel learning (MLL) algorithms used to classify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Francisco Charte , Miguel Ángel Dávila , María Dolores Pérez-Godoy , María José del Jesus

Label Distribution Learning (LDL) models supervision as an instance-wise probability distribution, enabling fine-grained learning under inherent ambiguity, but its success relies on high-fidelity label distributions that are costly to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Junxiang Wu , Zhiqiang Kou , Hongwei Zeng , Wenke Huang , Biao Liu , Hanlin Gu , Yuheng Jia , Di Jiang , Yang Liu , Xin Geng

The predictive performance of supervised learning algorithms depends on the quality of labels. In a typical label collection process, multiple annotators provide subjective noisy estimates of the "truth" under the influence of their varying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Ryutaro Tanno , Ardavan Saeedi , Swami Sankaranarayanan , Daniel C. Alexander , Nathan Silberman

Multi-label classification (MLC) is an important class of machine learning problems that come with a wide spectrum of applications, each demanding a possibly different evaluation criterion. When solving the MLC problems, we generally expect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Yao-Yuan Yang , Yi-An Lin , Hong-Min Chu , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Multi-label image classification allows predicting a set of labels from a given image. Unlike multiclass classification, where only one label per image is assigned, such a setup is applicable for a broader range of applications. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Kirill Prokofiev , Vladislav Sovrasov

The labels used to train machine learning (ML) models are of paramount importance. Typically for ML classification tasks, datasets contain hard labels, yet learning using soft labels has been shown to yield benefits for model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Katherine M. Collins , Umang Bhatt , Adrian Weller

We propose to formulate multi-label learning as a estimation of class distribution in a non-linear embedding space, where for each label, its positive data embeddings and negative data embeddings distribute compactly to form a positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Zhuo Yang , Yufei Han , Guoxian Yu , Qiang Yang , Xiangliang Zhang