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Fine-tuning vision-language models (VLMs) on robot teleoperation data to create vision-language-action (VLA) models is a promising paradigm for training generalist policies, but it suffers from a fundamental tradeoff: learning to produce…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Asher J. Hancock , Xindi Wu , Lihan Zha , Olga Russakovsky , Anirudha Majumdar

Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) has advanced the performance of many vision-language tasks, such as image-text retrieval, visual entailment, and visual reasoning. The pre-training mostly utilizes lexical databases and image queries in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Yasmine Karoui , Rémi Lebret , Negar Foroutan , Karl Aberer

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a generalist robotic agent. However, existing VLAs are hindered by excessive parameter scales, prohibitive pre-training requirements, and limited applicability to diverse embodiments. To…

Combining Large Language Models (LLMs) with Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables agents to interpret language instructions more effectively for task execution. However, LLMs typically lack direct perception of the physical environment, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Pengsen Liu , Maosen Zeng , Nan Tang , Kaiyuan Li , Jing-Cheng Pang , Yunan Liu , Yang Yu

We introduce Xmodel-VLM, a cutting-edge multimodal vision language model. It is designed for efficient deployment on consumer GPU servers. Our work directly confronts a pivotal industry issue by grappling with the prohibitive service costs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Wanting Xu , Yang Liu , Langping He , Xucheng Huang , Ling Jiang

To teach robots complex manipulation tasks, a common approach is to fine-tune a pre-trained vision-language-action model (VLA) on task-specific data. However, since this recipe updates existing representations, it is unsuitable for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ralf Römer , Yi Zhang , Yuming Li , Angela P. Schoellig

Large foundation models have shown strong open-world generalization to complex problems in vision and language, but similar levels of generalization have yet to be achieved in robotics. One fundamental challenge is that the models exhibit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Guoqing Ma , Siheng Wang , Zeyu Zhang , Shan Yu , Hao Tang

MLLMs have demonstrated remarkable comprehension and reasoning capabilities with complex language and visual data. These advances have spurred the vision of establishing a generalist robotic MLLM proficient in understanding complex human…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yang Yue , Yulin Wang , Bingyi Kang , Yizeng Han , Shenzhi Wang , Shiji Song , Jiashi Feng , Gao Huang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models typically bridge the gap between perceptual and action spaces by pre-training a large-scale Vision-Language Model (VLM) on robotic data. While this approach greatly enhances performance, it also incurs…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show promise for robotic control, yet performance in complex household environments remains sub-optimal. Mobile manipulation requires reasoning about global scene layout, fine-grained geometry, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ruisen Tu , Arth Shukla , Sohyun Yoo , Xuanlin Li , Junxi Li , Jianwen Xie , Hao Su , Zhuowen Tu

Innovations in digital intelligence are transforming robotic surgery with more informed decision-making. Real-time awareness of surgical instrument presence and actions (e.g., cutting tissue) is essential for such systems. Yet, despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Jiajun Cheng , Xianwu Zhao , Sainan Liu , Xiaofan Yu , Ravi Prakash , Patrick J. Codd , Jonathan Elliott Katz , Shan Lin

Large language models (LLMs) have gained increasing popularity in robotic task planning due to their exceptional abilities in text analytics and generation, as well as their broad knowledge of the world. However, they fall short in decoding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Aoran Mei , Guo-Niu Zhu , Huaxiang Zhang , Zhongxue Gan

Building on the advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs), recent research has introduced Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models as an integrated solution for robotic manipulation tasks. These models take…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zhijie Wang , Zhehua Zhou , Jiayang Song , Yuheng Huang , Zhan Shu , Lei Ma

Recent progress in vision language foundation models has shown their ability to understand multimodal data and resolve complicated vision language tasks, including robotics manipulation. We seek a straightforward way of making use of…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising framework for enabling generalist robots capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting in the real world. These models usually build upon pretrained Vision-Language Models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Tao Lin , Gen Li , Yilei Zhong , Yanwen Zou , Yuxin Du , Jiting Liu , Encheng Gu , Bo Zhao

Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly rely on end-to-end fine-tuning. While effective, this paradigm compromises the inherent generalization capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and incurs catastrophic…

Predicting temporal progress from visual trajectories is important for intelligent robots that can learn, adapt, and improve. However, learning such progress estimator, or temporal value function, across different tasks and domains requires…

Autonomous drones capable of interpreting and executing high-level language instructions in unstructured environments remain a long-standing goal. Yet existing approaches are constrained by their dependence on hand-crafted skills, extensive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qianzhong Chen , Naixiang Gao , Suning Huang , JunEn Low , Timothy Chen , Jiankai Sun , Mac Schwager

Effective communication is vital in healthcare, especially across language barriers, where non-verbal cues and gestures are critical. This paper presents a privacy-preserving vision-language framework for medical interpreter robots that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Thanh-Tung Ngo , Emma Murphy , Robert J. Ross

Defining reward functions for skill learning has been a long-standing challenge in robotics. Recently, vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promise in defining reward signals for teaching robots manipulation skills. However, existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Kaifeng Zhang , Zhao-Heng Yin , Weirui Ye , Yang Gao